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Why can Intense Breathing Contribute to Thrombosis of the Lungs, Heart and Brain?

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Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2693-2156/122

Why can Intense Breathing Contribute to Thrombosis of the Lungs, Heart and Brain?

  • Yuri Pivovarenko 1*

*Corresponding Author: Yuri Pivovarenko. Research and Training Center ‘Physical and Chemical Materials Science’ Under Kyiv Taras Shevchenko University and NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.

Citation: Yuri Pivovarenko, (2024), Why can Intense Breathing Contribute to Thrombosis of the Lungs, Heart and Brain? J Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery, 6(1); DOI:10.31579/2693-2156/122

Copyright: © 2025, Yuri Pivovarenko. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 23 December 2024 | Accepted: 03 January 2025 | Published: 15 January 2025

Keywords: thrombosis; ischemia; stroke; pranayama

Abstract

It is known that aqueous media acquire a positive charge when they are bubbled with air. It has also been established that it is the positive electrification of water that increases its hydrating capacity, in particular, in relation to various biopolymers, turning them into hydrogels with adhesive properties. Given that blood clots are essentially hydrogels, both of these phenomena allow hypothesizing that intense breathing promotes thrombogenesis, primarily in the lungs, but also in the heart and brain. Given the unusual nature of this hypothesis, its rationale and advantages are discussed here in detail.

Introduction

It is known that aqueous media acquire a positive charge when blown with air; in particular, it is generally accepted that the ability of air flows to impart a positive charge to aqueous media is due to the presence of oxygen in their composition, which has electron-acceptor properties [1]. Since this feature of air flows may be unfamiliar to doctors, it is worth adding that it is precisely this feature that allows the creation of hydrogen-air electrochemical cells (Figure 1)

  1. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Solid_oxide_fuel_cell_protonic.svg/508px-Solid_oxide_fuel_cell_protonic.svg.png

Figure 1. This is a diagram of a hydrogen-air electrochemical cell. The red arrows indicate the movement of electrons from the compartment with an aqueous solution saturated with hydrogen gas to the compartment with an aqueous solution saturated with air. It is noteworthy that hydrogen gas causes negative electrification of the aqueous medium (left), while oxygen gas causes positive electrification of the aqueous medium (right).
In addition, doctors must understand that the magnitude of the positive potential generated in the anode section of such a cell (Figure 1) is proportional to the intensity of the air flow entering this section (Figure 1, left); it seems that it is precisely this understanding that can most contribute to the acceptance of the proposed hypothesis by doctors.

  1. To make Figure 1 more appealing to doctors, it is worth also noting that human intestinal gas can consist of up to 50% hydrogen gas [2]. Thus, the human body can be imagined as a type of hydrogen-air electrochemical cell, where the intestine is the analogue of the cathode department (Figure 1, left), and the lungs are the analogue of the anodic department (Figure 1, right). At the same time, the latter analogy allows concluding that air currents also cause positive electrification of the lungs, just as they cause positive electrification of anolytes (Figure 1, right).
  2. To make the latter analogy even more meaningful for doctors, it should also be noted that positive electrification of aqueous solutions of biopolymers by oxygen flows transforms them into hydrogels that have the same adhesive properties as starch paste (Figure 2, right).

Figure 2. There is a swelling of starch in water with a different electric potential. Starch does not swell at all in water with a potential of –500 mV even with intensive stirring (left), but actively swells in water with a potential of +500 mV without any stirring (right).
Water with negative potential was obtained by bubbling uncharged water with hydrogen gas (left); water with a positive potential was obtained by bubbling uncharged water with gaseous oxygen (right) [1].
Water with positive potential evaporates even from a closed plastic flagon (right): the arrow shows how much during the day the level of such water has decreased.
Both waters used had 20 – 22 °C [11, 12].
It is probably no less important to note in the aspect of the stated topic that water with a positive potential has exceptional penetrating ability, due to which it can penetrate plastic (Figure 2, right); so, apparently, it is this ability of positively charged water that determines its hydrating ability.

  1. In any case, doctors should be aware of the existence of physical phenomena (Figures 1, 2) that allow hypothesizing that intense breathing initially promotes thrombosis of the pulmonary vessels, and then thrombosis of the vessels of the heart and brain. Although this hypothesis is quite unexpected for many doctors (in particular, for those who consider thrombosis as a result of an imbalance between various “thrombogenic factors” and various “protective mechanisms” [3 – 10]), it still seems useful to extrapolate it to the human body and discuss the results of such extrapolation. 

Discussion

Inhaled air is usually considered solely as a supplier of oxygen for the human body. Given the data that prove the ability of air flows to positively electrify water environments (Figure 1, right), such a consideration of inhaled air is undoubtedly one-sided. It is therefore not surprising that the ability of inhaled air to positively electrify the lungs is not even considered by doctors. Accordingly, it is not surprising that doctors do not take into account that the positive electrification of the lungs by inhaled air promotes the formation of blood clots in the pulmonary blood vessels, similar to the way hydrogels are formed in water that has previously been positively charged by oxygen flows (Figure 2, right). Thus, it is apparently precisely this one-sided perception of air that prevents doctors from realizing that intense breathing can cause a positive electrification of the lungs, thereby turning the pulmonary blood vessels into one of the most suitable places for the formation of blood clots. Taking into account all these considerations, it is not surprising that specialists studying thrombosis, in particular thrombosis of the pulmonary vessels, do not even suspect that they can be caused by purely physical phenomena, and therefore continue to consider exclusively biochemical stimulators of thrombus formation [3 – 10, 13, 14].
It is also not surprising that specialists writing about coronary thrombosis [15 – 19] still do not take into account that the blood entering the heart through the pulmonary circulation (Figure 3, top) acquires a positive charge in the lungs and, accordingly, a tendency both to form its own thrombi and to retain those that enter with the blood from the lungs.

  1. Illustration: Pulmonary and systemic circulation
  2. Figure 3. This diagram should give an adequate idea of ​​the structure and functioning of the human circulatory system, according to experts from the Institute for Healthcare Quality and Efficiency, Cologne, Germany.
    To further demonstrate the possible contribution of intense breathing to thrombus formation, it is useful to consider its role in the development of cerebral ischemia. At the outset of this consideration, it is worth realizing that: the human brain is supplied with blood that has not yet lost its 
    positive charge, and, accordingly, has retained the tendency both to form its own thrombi and to retain those that come with the blood; it is worth noting that this consideration takes into account both the short length of the carotid arteries [20 – 22] and the tendency of any positive charges on Earth to move upward, as in clouds (Figure 4).
  3. 6-d1000
  4. Figure 4. Polarization of clouds: the lower part of a typical cloud has a negative charge, and the upper part has a positive charge; the bodies of both standing and sitting people are polarized in a similar way [11, 23].
    All this taken together indicates that the brain of a sitting or standing person is saturated with positive charges, just like the tops of the clouds (Figure 4). This, in turn, indicates that the brain of a sitting or standing person is itself a place that promotes the formation of blood clots, of course, taking into account the result shown in Figure 2, on the right. At the same time, developing the idea that it is the positive electrification of the lungs that ensures the formation of blood clots in them, it is logical to assume that these blood clots are saturated with positively charged water, which determines their total positive charge. Thus, it is quite possible that these blood clots a priori have a tendency to move upward, that is, to the brain, like positive charges in clouds (Figure 4).
    To make the last consideration more substantiated, it is worth adding that the forces that distribute the Earth's charges in this way (Figure 4) act constantly [23]; it is also worth adding that these forces are of electromagnetic nature and therefore act on humans no less effectively than on clouds [11].
    Thus, it appears that extrapolation of the results presented in Figures 1 and 2 to the human body is quite productive. Thus, it is precisely this extrapolation that creates the basis for revising traditional views (which are currently predominantly biochemical [3 – 10, 13 – 22]) on the most common cases of thrombosis. Moreover, it is precisely this extrapolation that finally allows explaining the positive results of hydrogen inhalation in the treatment of pulmonary, cardiac and cerebral ischemia [24 – 30]. Apparently, it is precisely this productivity that confirms the adequacy of the proposed hypothesis and, accordingly, allows hoping that the proposed conclusions are sufficiently substantiated.

Conclusion

Thus, the proposed hypothesis shows that atmospheric oxygen is not only a source of life, but also the cause of positive electrification of human organs and, consequently, those diseases that are caused by thrombosis. This, in turn, allows recommending that patients reduce their breathing rate from 15 – 17 times, which is considered normal, to 6 times, as recommended by yogis [31]; it is perhaps worth adding here that this goal can be achieved quite quickly by performing breathing exercises that include holding the breath, such as the corresponding pranayamas.
On the other hand, a similar therapeutic effect can be achieved by using air ionizers that produce negative air ions; it is probably clear that inhaling air saturated with these ions can significantly hinder the positive electrification of the lungs that occurs when breathing ordinary air.
Apparently, both these advices can be especially useful for the residents of the oceanic coasts of the USA, considering that these coasts are constantly enriched with hydrogen ions that curry positive charges [32]. At the same time, these same advices can be useful for residents of cloudy regions, given the ability of clouds to positively electrify subcloud areas (Figure 4, below), of course, due to electrostatic induction [33].
Thus, the proposed hypothesis of thrombus formation allows proposing quite acceptable means that can either completely prevent thrombus formation or significantly reduce its probability; it seems that it is precisely this feature of the proposed hypothesis that fundamentally distinguishes it from the previous ones.
Finally, it is worth adding that the proposed hypothesis can be developed in future. So, it seems that this hypothesis can be effectively used to explain venous thrombosis associated with diabetes [34 – 37]. Thus, following the logic used earlier, it can be assumed that the positively charged water contained in positively charged blood may also hydrate the glycosylated inner surfaces of blood vessels [38, 39], making them preferred sites for thrombus adhesion. This, in turn, helps explain why diabetics with high blood glucose levels have blood vessel linings that are prone to trapping blood-borne clots. This assumption, in particular, indicates that N-glycosylated inner walls of blood vessels are capable of retaining not only calcium salts, as described in [39]. At the same time, this assumption explains the therapeutic effect of hydrogen inhalation in patients with diabetes mellitus [40, 41] and, apparently, allows us to recommend that diabetics engage in breathing exercises associated with holding their breath and use ionizers that produce negative air ions; it may be worth adding that the therapeutic effect of slow breathing on diabetics has already been noted [42].

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Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

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Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

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Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

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Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

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Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

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Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

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Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

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Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

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Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

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Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

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Dr Susan Weiner

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Lin-Show Chin

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

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Sonila Qirko

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

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Luiz Sellmann

I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.

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Zhao Jia

Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."

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Thomas Urban

I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Cristina Berriozabal

To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.

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Dr Tewodros Kassahun Tarekegn

"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".

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Dr Shweta Tiwari

I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.

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Dr Farooq Wandroo

Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.

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Dr Anyuta Ivanova

We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.

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Dr David Vinyes