Smallholder Farmers’ Perception on Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in Kuje Area Council, FCT, Abuja

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/294

Smallholder Farmers’ Perception on Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in Kuje Area Council, FCT, Abuja

  • Ayoola Faith Joel 1
  • Joseph Bamidele 2
  • Beatrice Itoya Oyediji 3
  • Ugochinyere Princess Eleke 4
  • Oluwamayowa Joseph Joel 1
  • Mudashir Adeola Olaitan 4
  • Samson Olayemi Sennuga 4*

1Communication for Development Centre, AMAC Estate, Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria.

2Faculty of Business and Law, University of Northampton, Waterside Campus, University Drive, Northampton NN1 5PH, United Kingdom

3Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture University of Ibadan, Nigeria

4Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Abuja, FCT, P.M.B. 117, Abuja, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: Samson Olayemi Sennuga, Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Abuja, FCT, P.M.B. 117, Abuja, Nigeria.

Citation: Ayoola F. Joel, Joseph Bamidele, Beatrice I. Oyediji, Ugochinyere P. Eleke, Oluwamayowa J. Joel, et al, (2025), Smallholder Farmers’ Perception on Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in Kuje Area Council, FCT, Abuja, J. Nutrition and Food Processing, 8(2); DOI:10.31579/2637-8914/294

Copyright: © 2025, Samson Olayemi Sennuga. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 23 January 2025 | Accepted: 07 February 2025 | Published: 14 February 2025

Keywords: perception; climate change; farmers; adaptation; strategies

Abstract

This study examined farmers' perceptions of climate change and adaptation strategies in Kuje Area Council, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 75 respondents from a list of 122 registered smallholder farmers across five wards: Kiyi, Shaji, Rubochi, Chukuku, and Jeli. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and interview schedule, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a 4-point Likert scale. The findings showed that 66.7% of the farmers were male, and 40% had attained tertiary education, indicating potential for adopting innovative climate practices. However, financial constraints and inadequate extension services were identified as major barriers. Additionally, 73% of the farmers were aware of climate change, with 63% observing climatic changes over time. Soil erosion (53.3%), deforestation (46.7%), and water scarcity for irrigation (46.7%) emerged as significant challenges.The most frequently practiced climate adaptation strategies are conservation tillage (92.3%), crop diversification (80%), and early maturing crops (60%). Conversely, strategies such as irrigation (29.3%) and genetically modified crops (25.3%) are less commonly practiced. Limited access to information (42.67%) and difficulty in changing traditional farming practices (21.33%) further constrained adaptation efforts. The study concluded that farmers in the area face significant climate change challenges, including resource limitations, environmental degradation, and inadequate support for adaptation strategies. These challenges have a profound impact on agricultural productivity in the study area. Therefore, the study recommended strengthening extension services, improving access to credit, promoting conservation agriculture, and establishing reliable climate information systems to enhance farmers' resilience and productivity in the study region.

Introduction

Climate change represents significant global challenges, threatening both human well-being and sustainable development, especially in agriculture, a sector deeply affected by variations in temperature, precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events (Damian et al., 2020).  The effects of climate change threaten the sustainability of food production, particularly in regions heavily reliant on rain-fed agriculture, such as Sub-Saharan Africa (Echendu et al., 2022). Rising greenhouse gas emissions are causing shifts in global climatic conditions, including an increase in global mean temperatures, which is expected to surpass a 2°C increase by the end of the century (Ovwigho et al., 2024). While elevated levels of CO₂ may initially enhance photosynthesis, higher temperatures and erratic rainfall patterns often result in negative outcomes, including reduced crop yields, pest infestations, and declining soil health. This paper explores the challenges of climate change in agriculture, with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa, and evaluates strategies for building resilience among smallholder farmers (Sennuga et al., 2024).

The agricultural sector is particularly vulnerable to climate change due to its dependence on natural resources, such as water, soil, and biodiversity. In regions like South Africa, erratic rainfall patterns have led to frequent droughts, reducing crop yields and livestock productivity (Lai-Solarin, et al., 2024).  For instance, the 2015 drought in South Africa caused major economic losses and devastated small-scale farmers who lacked financial resources to recover (Mare et al., 2018). Similarly, Nigeria faces recurring challenges, such as delayed rainfall, flooding, and rising temperatures, which disrupt crop cycles and lower overall productivity (World Bank, 2012). Climate change also influences soil microorganisms and enzymatic activities, which are vital for nutrient recycling and soil health, further compounding the problem (Iliyasu et al., 2023).

Farmers across Sub-Saharan Africa are implementing various adaptation strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change. These include adjusting planting and harvest schedules, adopting drought-resistant crop varieties, employing soil and water conservation techniques, and engaging in mixed farming systems (Atube et al., 2021). In South Africa, strategies such as crop diversification, mixed cropping, and irrigation are prominent among smallholder farmers (Mare et al., 2018).  In Nigeria, many farmers have resorted to diversifying into non-farm activities and adjusting their farming practices to accommodate climatic variability (Oloukoi et al., 2014).  However, these strategies are often reactive and focus on short-term climate stressors rather than long-term resilience (Oyediji et al., 2024).

The adoption of climate change adaptation strategies is influenced by multiple factors. Socioeconomic characteristics, such as age, education level, gender, farm income, and farm size, play a significant role (Marie et al., 2020). Institutional factors, including access to agricultural extension services, climate information systems, and training, also affect farmers' ability to adapt. In South Africa, access to ICT-based climate information and non-farm income sources has been identified as key drivers of adaptation (Thinda et al., 2020). In Nigeria, farmers' adaptation choices are shaped by the availability of climate-resilient inputs, market access, and the ability to recover from climate-induced shocks (World Bank, 2012).

Climate change is negatively affecting rural livelihoods, agriculture, freshwater supplies, and other natural resources critical to human survival. Understanding how smallholder farmers perceive these changes and what factors drive their adaptation strategies is crucial for effective intervention (Abubakar et al., 2024).  For instance, in South Africa, socioeconomic and institutional factors such as gender, age, access to extension services, and climate change information influence both the adoption and intensity of climate adaptation strategies (Thinda et al., 2020).  Similarly, in Nigeria, the reliance on rain-fed agriculture makes the country particularly vulnerable to changes in rainfall and temperature patterns. Without targeted adaptation measures, Nigeria could face significant economic losses, with estimates predicting a GDP decline of up to 30% by 2050 (Federal Ministry of Environment (FME), 2011). Therefore, equipping farmers with the knowledge, tools, and resources needed to adapt effectively to the adverse impacts of climate change is essential (Ajah et al., 2023).

Despite growing research on climate change adaptation, significant gaps remain in understanding long-term strategies that enhance smallholder farmers' resilience to future climate risks (Atube et al., 2021; Katharina et al., 2021). Existing studies often focus on generalized or short-term responses, with limited attention to region-specific drivers, resource constraints, and institutional dynamics, such as access to ICTs and extension services (Ebukiba et al., 2023; World Bank, 2012). Furthermore, there is an overemphasis on crop farming, leaving the adaptation needs of livestock and mixed farming systems underexplored (Marie et al., 2020). Technological solutions, particularly ICT-based tools for decision-making and long-term planning, remain inadequately studied (Adangara et al., 2022). Additionally, while policies aimed at enhancing adaptive capacity are frequently proposed, empirical evaluations of their implementation and impact are limited (FME, 2011; Katharina et al., 2021).  Addressing these gaps requires localized, comprehensive research that integrates diverse farming systems, socio-economic factors, and the perspectives of farmers on the effectiveness of policy and technological interventions. Therefore, it is critical to understand how individuals interpret and organize sensory information to make sense of their environment (Eleke et al., 2024).

Given these challenges, farmers in developing nations employ coping strategies for short-term shocks and adaptation strategies for long-term sustainability (van der Geest and Warner, 2015; Alemayehu and Bewket, 2017).  For example, in Pakistan, women cope by reducing expenses and selling livestock (Batool et al., 2018). In addition, Thinda et al. (2020) suggested that policies focusing on farmer education, non-farm employment, and reinvesting income into farming practices, such as soil conservation and improved crops, can enhance resilience. Government policies should promote capacity-building through agricultural extension services, climate education, and improved market access (Marie et al., 2020).  Moreover, Abid et al., (2015) argue for a balance between local solutions and broader policy research to address both local and global factors affecting adaptation. Therefore, understanding the impact of adaptation strategies on farmers, the extent of these interventions, and the potential improvements to support local communities more effectively remains critical (Marie et al., 2020). The goal of this study is to determine how farmers in Kuje Area Council of Abuja, Nigeria, perceive climate change and how adaptation strategies influence their decision-making on their farms (Oyediji.et al., 2024b)

Hence, the following objectives were formulated: to determine the socio-economic characteristics of farmers' adaptation to climate change, to identify the knowledge of farmers on climate change adaptation, to evaluate the problems farmers face due to climate change and to ascertain the constraints of climate change adaptation strategies among farmers in the study area.

Materials and Methods

Study Area

The study was conducted in Kuje Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria. Established in November 1987, Kuje is the largest area council in Abuja, covering approximately a quarter of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It shares borders with the Abuja Municipal Area Council, Kwali Area Council, and Abaji Area Council. The council's headquarters, Kuje town, is located about a 20-minute drive from Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, situated at latitude 8.87953 and longitude 7.22756 in the FCT. Kuje lies just west of Abuja’s city center and is known as the "food basket" of Abuja due to its vast agricultural potential. It is part of the six area councils that make up the FCT and is also adjacent to the Centenary City development. While Kuje is a growing suburb, some areas still lack formal development. However, ongoing government investments in infrastructure and new housing projects are contributing to its expansion, with Kuchiyako currently being the most developed area.

The region experiences two distinct seasons: a dry season from October to March, lasting 5 to 6 months, and a rainy season from April to September, with peak rainfall occurring in August. Kuje has an average temperature of 27°C, a land area of 1,644 km², a humidity level of 41%, and receives a total annual precipitation of 1,250 mm. According to the National Population Commission (NPC), the estimated population of Kuje Area Council is 104,790 people. The area is renowned for both its agricultural and trading activities, encompassing several districts including Chukuku, Damakusa, Shaji, Tauge, Jeli, Lafiya, Chida, Bugako, Rubbochi, and Kiyi.

Sampling Techniques and Sample Sizes

To ensure comprehensive and unbiased coverage, a simple random sampling technique was used to select 75 respondents from a list of 122 registered smallholder farmers in the region, as provided by the Agricultural Development Program (ADP). The sample was drawn from five wards within the area council: Kiyi, Shaji, Rubochi, Chukuku, and Jeli. In each ward, 15 farmers were randomly chosen, ensuring equal representation across the wards. This approach provided a diverse and representative sample of the farming population in the study area.

Data collection and Analysis

Data were gathered from primary sources using a structured questionnaire along with an interview schedule. The primary data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as frequency counts, percentages and likert scale was used to asssess the extent of constraint face by farmers farmers due climatic constraints. To analyze the challenges faced by the respondents using a 4-point Likert rating system, specific climate constraints were listed, and the farmers were asked to rank them based on their level of agreement regarding the extent of each challenge encountered. The 4-point Likert scale ranged from "Major problem" with a value of 4 to "Not a problem" with a value of 0, with a decision rule set at 2.5.The ratings were as follows: 

 Not a problem (NP) - 0

 Minor problem (MP) - 1

Moderate problem (MoP) - 2

 Major problem (MaP) - 3

Xs = S

Results and Discussion

The Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents 

The socio-economic characteristics of the respondents described in the study include gender, marital status, age, education attainment, household size, primary occupation farming experience and source of income.

As revealed in Table 1, the majority of respondents (66.7%) are male, with females accounting for 33.3%. This implies that the predominance of male respondents may reflect societal norms regarding agricultural roles or gendered access to resources in the study area. This finding aligns with the study by Olumba and Alimba (2022), which highlights unequal access to agricultural resources such as land, labor, and inputs, with men having greater access to these resources than women farmers.

In terms of age distribution, 40% of the respondents fall within the 36–45 years age group, followed by 24–35 years (20.0%) and 46–55 years (20.0%). Only 6.7% are aged 56 and above. Additionally, the majority of respondents (81.3%) have limited farming experience, ranging from 1–10 years. A smaller group (13.3%) has 11–20 years of experience, while only 5.4% report over 20 years of farming. This suggests that many individuals may have taken up farming relatively recently, likely due to limited job opportunities or a growing interest in agriculture as a viable livelihood.

Maritally, the results show that 53.3% of respondents are married, while 33.3% are single, 12.0% are widowed, and 1.4% are divorced. The predominance of married individuals aligns with family-driven agricultural activities, indicating a reliance on household labor. This is consistent with the findings of Pierotti et al. (2022), which highlight that farmers often rely more on family labor for farming.

Furthermore, the results show that 40.0% of respondents have tertiary education, while 33.4% are secondary school graduates. Non-formal and primary education levels are equally represented at 13.3%. The relatively high level of education among respondents suggests a favorable environment for adopting innovative farming practices and ICT-based extension services.

Moreover, the results in Table 1 revealed that households with 1–5 members constitute 46.7% of respondents, while 33.3% have 6–10 members, and 20.0% have 11–15 members. Smaller household sizes may limit available family labor, suggesting the need for mechanization or hired labor in agricultural operations.

However, the results also revealed that agriculture is the main occupation for 53.3% of respondents, with trading and civil service accounting for 26.7% and 20.0%, respectively. While agriculture remains dominant, the presence of other occupations suggests livelihood diversification, which can help farmers manage economic shocks but may also indicate a shift away from full-time farming. In terms of income sources, 53.3% of respondents rely primarily on family support, followed by income from friends (26.7%), cooperatives (13.3%), and banks (6.7%). This implies that the reliance on informal income sources indicates limited access to formal financial services, highlighting the need for policies that promote financial inclusion and enhance farmers' access to affordable credit. This aligns with Mhlanga et al. (2024), which advocate for policies fostering financial inclusion to ensure farmers have easier access to financial resources.

Socio Economic VariablesFrequencyPercent (%)
Gender  
Male5066.7
Female2533.3
Age range (years)  
18-231013.3
24-351520.0
36-453040.0
46-551520.0
56 and above56.7
Marital status  
Single2533.3
Married4053.3
Divorced11.4
Widowed912.0
Educational attainment  
Non-formal1013.3
Primary school1013.3
Secondary school2533.4
Tertiary institution3040.0
Household size (members)  
1-53546.7
6-102533.3
11-151520.0
Primary Occupation  
Agriculture (farming)4053.3
Civil servant1520.0
Trading2026.7
Farm experience (years)  
1-106181.3
11-201013.3
21-3045.4
Sources of income  
Family4053.3
Friends2026.7
Banks56.7
Cooperatives1013.3

Source: Field survey, 2024

Table 1: Summary of socio-economic characteristics of respondents (n = 75 respondents)

Farmer’s Knowledge on Climate Adaptation in the study area 

The results in Table 2 reveal that most farmers (73%) in the study area are aware of climate change and adaptation, while 27% are not.  Despite differences in literacy level, age, farming experience, or gender, 63% of respondents observed changes in climatic conditions over time, whereas 37% did not notice any changes. This emphasizes the importance of climate knowledge for farmers, as it enables them to adapt to changing conditions, improving their resilience and productivity. However, the 27% who lack awareness represents a gap that can be addressed through targeted extension programs and climate education to promote sustainable farming practices in the study area.

Variable  FrequencyPercentage
Yes5573.0
No2027.0
Total75100.0

Source: Field survey, 2024.

Table 2: Information on Farmer’s Knowledge on Climate Adaptation

The Most Frequently Practiced Climate Adaptation Strategies by Farmers in the Study Area.

The results presented in Figure1 reveal that majority (92.3%) of respondents engage in conservation tillage while 7.7% do not. This implies that most farmers are likely aware of its benefits for soil fertility and erosion control. The low percentage of non- adopters indicate that conservation tillage is widely accepted and practiced in the study area. Similarly, 80% of respondents practice crop diversification, while 20% do not. This strategy is often used to reduce the risk of crop failure due to climate variability. The few who do not practice it may be limited by factors such as land size or lack of knowledge. 

Moreover, 64.7% of farmers use inorganic fertilizers to enhance soil fertility, while 35.3% avoid them, possibly due to cost or a preference for organic farming practices. Similarly, 60% of farmers adopt early maturing crops to mitigate risks from unpredictable weather, while 40% do not, which may due to limited access or other constraints.

Furthermore, the result shows that agroforestry is practiced by 50.7% of farmers, improving soil quality and providing shade, while 49.3% do not, possibly due to land, knowledge, or cost constraints. Only 29.3% use irrigation, with limited adoption likely due to high costs, water scarcity, or inadequate infrastructure. Likewise, 25.3

Conclusion and Recommendations

The study reveals that farmers in the area face significant climate change challenges, including resource limitations, environmental degradation, and inadequate support for adaptation strategies. Male predominance and married respondents reflect societal norms and reliance on family labor. Additionally, while most respondents are aware of climate change and adaptation, gaps remain in knowledge and access to information for a considerable proportion of farmers. Key challenges include soil erosion, deforestation, water scarcity, limited finances, inadequate extension services, and difficulty adopting improved practices, all of which hinder agricultural productivity and highlight the need for targeted interventions. To address the challenges faced by farmers in adapting to climate change, the study recommends strengthen extension services, improve access to credit for climate-resilient investments, and promote conservation agriculture and agroforestry. Encouraging the use of resilient crop varieties and improved soil practices, along with establishing reliable climate information systems, will enhance productivity and resilience in the study area.

References

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Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

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Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

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Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

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Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

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Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

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Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

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Dr Susan Weiner

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Lin-Show Chin

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

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Sonila Qirko

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

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Luiz Sellmann

I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.

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Zhao Jia

Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."

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Thomas Urban

I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Cristina Berriozabal

To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.

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Dr Tewodros Kassahun Tarekegn

"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".

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Dr Shweta Tiwari

I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.

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Dr Farooq Wandroo

Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.

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Dr Anyuta Ivanova

We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.

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Dr David Vinyes

My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.

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Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt

To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina

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Dr Elvira Farina