Routine community-based vitamin A supplementation compared to the Mass campaign among 6-59-months old’s children in two health districts, Far North Cameroon

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/223

Routine community-based vitamin A supplementation compared to the Mass campaign among 6-59-months old’s children in two health districts, Far North Cameroon

  • André Izacar Gaël Bita 1,2
  • Agbor Nyenty Agbornkwai 3
  • Alex Ongla Ndjebayi 1
  • Jules Guitang Assiene 1

1Helen Keller International, Nutrition Department, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

2ICT University, Department public health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

3Family Health International 360, Bafoussam, Cameroon.

*Corresponding Author: André Izacar Gaël Bita, 1Helen Keller International, Nutrition Department, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Citation: Gaël Bita AI, Agbor N. Agbornkwai, Alex O. Ndjebayi, Jules G. Assiene, (2024), Routine community-based vitamin A supplementation compared to the Mass campaign among 6-59-months old’s children in two health districts, Far North Cameroon, J. Nutrition and Food Processing, 7(10); DOI:10.31579/2637-8914/223

Copyright: © 2024, Fahim A. Shaltout. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 03 July 2024 | Accepted: 26 July 2024 | Published: 12 August 2024

Keywords: vitamin a; vitamin a supplementation; mass campaign; nutrition; community based; micronutrients

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is one of the most cost-effective interventions with the greatest impact in reducing child mortality. Mass campaigns are costly, donor-driven, and heavily dependent on funding for mass immunization campaigns. We analyzed routine community-based VAS (rVAS) coverage using the pilot approach of strengthening community participation versus the mass campaign strategy during the “Mother and Child Health and Nutrition Action Week” (MCHNAW). 

Methods: This was a descriptive study among from children under five prospectively followed up in a VAS program in Kaele and Guidiguis health districts. We performed a descriptive analysis of data from routine VAS program after capacity building of Community Health Workers (CHW) and compared them with data from the MCHNAW in the period October 2019 and May 2020. Data were collected in the health facilities from the registers to ODK Kobocollect and analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2010.

Results: rVAS showed 95.29% (92.49% Kaele; 98.49% Guidiguis) coverage for children aged 6-11 months (first dose). And 98.29% (97.71% Kaele & 98.77% Guidiguis) coverage for children aged 12-59 months (2nd dose). In comparison, VAS coverage in the mass campaign was lower with 68.46% (61.80% Kaele 72.42% Guidiguis) for 6-11 months and 62.57% (61.27% Kaele & 63.28% Guidiguis) for 12-59 months. These coverages are also lower, compared to the national target coverage (80%). rVAS showed high coverage (>92%) compared to Mass campaign and national target among 6–59-months age children in both health district in the far North Cameroon. However, this study has not analyzed the cost of both strategies of VAS.

Conclusion: Reinforce the routine community-based VAS showed the best coverage to reach children under-five compared to the mass campaign VAS. However, there is need more cost-effectiveness studies to confirm whether strengthening community-based VAS could be a better practice versus mass campaign. 

Introduction

In Cameroon, the infant and child mortality rate remain high at 80 deaths per 1,000 live births. In the Far North region (102 per 1,000) this rate is higher than the national average. This region is also one of the areas (along with the North and Adamaoua) in which the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies is generally very high, such as vitamin A deficiency, which affects more than 35% of children [1]. 

Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is one of the most cost-effective interventions to reduce infant and child mortality [2]. This scientific evidence shows that VAS for children reduces all cause infant mortality by 23% and, if implemented at 6 months of age, could reduce infant mortality by 2.3% (children 6-11 months old). In an environment where exclusive breastfeeding is not widely practiced, with a rate of 40% [1], many children arrive at 6 months with a high risk of vitamin A deficiency. 

VAS from 6 months of age should reduce the risk of deficiency and improve survival. In the current model, the point of contact at 6 months (PC6M) to receive vitamin A has not been sufficiently developed and as a result most children do not receive their first dose of vitamin A until 9 months when they come for measles vaccination. 

The integration of VAS into polio campaigns has been documented as a good practice in Angola, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Tanzania, and Togo [3]. Mass campaigns are costly, donor-driven, and heavily dependent on funding for mass vaccination campaigns. In the far north of Cameroon, the International Humanitarian Organization, Helen Keller International (HKI) has been working with the Ministry of Health (MoH) since 2017 to strengthen community participation in VAS in two health districts of Kaele and Guidiguis. The Community Health Workers (CHW) were recruited from each health area and received training to deliver a package of nutrition activities, including routine VAS in rural areas.

This study compares routine community-based VAS (rVAS) coverage through the pilot approach of strengthening community engagement versus the mass campaign strategy of the Mother and Child Health and Nutrition Action Week, a mass campaign (MCHNAW) among children aged to 6-59 months old in two health districts of Guidiguis and Kaele in Far north Cameroon in year 2020. 

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Study design

This was a descriptive study among from children under five prospectively followed up in a VAS program in Kaele and Guidiguis healths districts. We performed a descriptive analysis of data from routine VAS program after capacity building of Community Health Workers (CHW) and compared them with data from the MCHNAW campaign in the period October 2019 and May 2020.

2.2. Sampling 

Sampling was exhaustive, all children who were enrolled in the VAS program in the health facilities in the target districts (Kaele and Guidiguis) and, whose data were available and complete in the Vitamin A registers were enrolled in this study.

2.3. Population and study sites

The health districts of Kaele and Guidiguis are locate in the Far North of Cameroon, in the Mayo Kani division, with 29 health areas in 2020. In the same period, the number of children aged 6-11 months living in the two health districts was estimated at 4,314 for Kaele and 7,238 Guidiguis health districts. The target vitamin A coverage was 80% for each district [4]. According to DHIS 2 (2020) data, both health districts had VAS coverage less than 70% for 6-11 months and less than 50% for 12-59 months in the first quarter of 2019. VAS coverage for the health districts were 57.4% (Guidiguis) and 47% (Kaele) for 6-11 months; 21.1% (Guidiguis) and 12.6% (Kaele) for 12-59 months [5].

2.4. Type of interventions

2.4.1. Routine community-based VAS: 

This was a pilot VAS project implemented in the health districts of Guidiguis and Kaele in the Far North by Helen Keller International, targeting children aged 6 to 59 months.  HKI Intl and MoH trained the Community Health Workers (CHWs) on the importance of Vit A and Essential Nutrition Actions (ENAs). A cohort of children aged 0-59 months was follow-up after a comprehensive census of children in the communities. CHWs conducted home visits (HVs) to sensitize communities, follow up and remind them of appointments, look for dropouts and supplement them with Vitamin A at home if necessary. Vitamin A was only given at home when the child and its mother were unable to reach the health facility. The children who had received the VAS during the mass campaign of December 2020 were excluded in the target. Data were collected by smartphones via the ODK app and analyzed on Excel over the period of October 2019-2020. 

2.4.2. The mass Campaign of VAS during MCHNAW: 

In December 2020, the MoH with the support of partners, organized the mass campaign of VAS during the MCHNAW, coupled with the National Immunization Days (JNVs). A few days before the start of the VAS, the MoH trained social mobilizers informed and sensitized the population in communities about the campaign. Essential messages were also broadcast in the media and door-to-door. CHWs administered free deworming to children aged 12-59 months, Vitamin A to children aged 6-59 months, and polio vaccine to children aged 0-59 months. The data collected in the tally sheets and summaries were analyzed in Excel by regional team of MoH in Far north. 

2.5. Tools and data collection

Data were collected from the VAS registers available in the health facilities of the two districts (Kaele and Guidiguis). Two investigators (one per district) reviewed the data available. Only data for children aged 6-59 months in the study area were extracted from the registers. The data collected from the registers was entered directly into an ODK forms by smartphone and exported to KoboCollect. The data sent to KoboCollect was reviewed, processed, and compiled daily by the study investigators. A questionnaire was also administered to each health facility manager to collect data of the number of health workers and CHWs per gender who had trained to strength the VAS activities in the health area during the year 2020. This data was also entered into ODK and transferred to KoboCollect.

2.6. Data analysis 

Only the children who received VAS between October 2019 and May 2020 were include in the routine VAS analysis. The data entered on ODK was exported from KoboCollect in Excel format (xlsx), then edited by an investigator from the research team. The proportions, tables and figures were generated by the pivot table using Microsoft Excel 2010.

2.7. Ethical considerations

This research uses secondary data from the literature review of health facility registers in the two target health districts. The data collected were de-identified to preserve the confidentiality of the people targeted by the study. Only the study investigators and participants in the collection and analysis of the study had access to the database. The smart phones and the Kobo Collect account on which the data was stored had password-protected access, accessible only to the study investigators. The study received health authorization for implementation from the health districts concerned.

3. Results

3.1. Demographic data

Using the rVAS approach, after excluding children who received vitamin A during the campaign at the end of 2019, the census enrolled 1,058 children in the program, i.e., 49.52% (4,981) girls and 50.48% (5077) boys. The children ranged in age from 6 to 59 months at enrolment, with an average age of 23 months. Children aged 6-9 months and those over 41 months were the most recurrent, with 2,677 and 1,820 children respectively (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Breakdown of children enrolled in the routine VAS program by age group (n=10058)

3.2. Enrolment phases breakdown

A total of 3694 children were expected to receive the first dose of VAS and 6364 the second dose of VAS. Nearly, 88.8% (3283) of children initially eligible for the first dose became eligible for the second dose during the follow-up in the program. Finally, e, i.e., 9647 children eligible to receive the second dose of vitamin A. By health district, the children expected to receive first dose of VAS were 53.38% (1972) in Kaele and 46.61% (1722) in Guidiguis health districts. Of the total expected to receive a second dose at the end of the program (9647), 45.24% were from the Kaele and 54.75% from Guidiguis health districts.

3.3. VAS coverage by intervention

Routine VAS coverage was 95.29% (92.49% Kaele; 98.49% Guidiguis) for children aged 6-11 months. For children age from 12 to 59 months, coverage was 98.29% (97.71% Kaele & 98.77% Guidiguis). The table 1 showed the breakdown of VAS coverage with rVAS versus mass campaign during the MCHNAW of December 2020.

InterventionsTarget rVASTarget MCHNAW rVAS realizedMCHNAW realized
Age groupsKaeleGuidiguisKaeleGuidiguisKaeleGuidiguisKaeleGuidiguis
6-11 months/19721722431472381824169626665242
Coverage80%80%80%80%92.5%98.5%61.8%72.4%
12-59 months/436552822887452450426552171769033191
Coverage80%80%80%80%97.7%98.8%61.3%63.3%

Table 1. rVAS coverage versus mass campaign during the MCHNAW of December 2020

According to the data of the mass campaign (MCHNAW, 2020) of December 2020 in the same districts, 68.46% of coverage (61.80% Kaele 72.42% Guidiguis) was recorded among children age from 6-11 months and, 62.57% (61.27% Kaele & 63.28% Guidiguis) among the 12-59 months age. The national target for supplementation of Vitamin A among under-five in Cameroon is 80% both in routine and mass campaign activities. The coverages of MCHNAW were lower than the expected 80% national target of VAS coverage (figure 1) and routine community-based VAS show the best coverage with >92% children supplemented by Vitamin A in both health district. 

Figure 2. Routine and MCHNAW coverage in 2020 by health Districts targeted.

4. Discussion

The integration of vitamin A into polio campaigns has been documented as a good practice in Angola, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Tanzania, and Togo [3]. The administration of vitamin A during national immunization days (NIDs) helps to raise awareness, improve technical capacity, and improve evaluation. Polio NIDs provide an entry point for sustainable provision of vitamin A supplementation with routine immunization services [5]. As polio programs advance and campaigns decline, there is a risk that fewer children will be reached with VAS each year [3].

Mass campaigns are expensive, donor-driven, and heavily dependent on funding for mass immunization campaigns. They require extensive macro-level planning at the national and international levels for the timely ordering, shipping, and distribution of commodities and micro-planning at all levels of the health system. Campaigns do not encourage health-seeking behaviors among vulnerable communities and do not build the capacity and resilience of routine services to meet demand [6]. According to Ousmane Ouédraogo et al, (2022), the routine community-based vitamin A supplementation strategy showed good acceptability of the strategy by all stakeholders in Burkina Faso [7]. According to the authors, 2 years of implementation of community-based VAS, the national coverage of VAS was maintained at a high level (above 90 % and there was a reduction in operational costs.

Gaël Bita AI et al, (2023) showed that, the capacity building of HWs and CHWs to involve in VAS programs can used many contact points for VAS as: health facilities; advanced strategies in the communities and home visits. According to the authors, involve the CHWs and Heath workers by capacity building is a form of community engagement who could help catch up children with difficulties to access the health facilities services for VAS [8].

The main challenges for the community-based VAS included delayed Community-Based Health Workers remuneration and weak communication and supervision [9], the financial costs associated with CHW incentives should therefore be considered when reinforcing the VAS with community members.

5. Conclusion

Strengthening community participation in VAS may be the best practice versus mass campaigns for good VAS coverage in health districts. However, this study has not analyzed the cost of both strategies of VAS. We recommend a cost-effectiveness study of the implementation of routine VAS through strengthening routine community-based VAS. 

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Helen Keller International Cameroon; the Ministry of Public Health of Cameroon; and the health workers of Kaele and Guidiguis health districts. 

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.

img

Virginia E. Koenig

Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.

img

Delcio G Silva Junior

Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.

img

Ziemlé Clément Méda

Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.

img

Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy

We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.

img

Layla Shojaie

The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.

img

Sing-yung Wu

Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.

img

Orlando Villarreal

Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.

img

Katarzyna Byczkowska

Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.

img

Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.

img

Pedro Marques Gomes

Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.

img

Bernard Terkimbi Utoo

This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.

img

Prof Sherif W Mansour

Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.

img

Hao Jiang

As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.

img

Dr Shiming Tang

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.

img

Raed Mualem

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.

img

Andreas Filippaios

Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

img

Dr Suramya Dhamija

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

img

Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

img

Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

img

Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

img

Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

img

Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

img

Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

img

Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

img

S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

img

Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

img

George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

img

Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

img

Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

img

Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

img

Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

img

Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

img

Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

img

Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

img

Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

img

Zsuzsanna Bene