AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9562/117
Retired physician, Specialist in otolaryngology – pensioner, Myjkowski Jan, 39-300 Mielec ul. Mala 7, Poland.
*Corresponding Author: Jan Myjkowski, 1 Retired physician, Specialist in otolaryngology – pensioner, Myjkowski Jan, 39-300 Mielec ul. Mala 7, Poland
Citation: Jan Myjkowski, (2024), Problems with Bekesy's traveling wave theory, Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, 6(1); DOI:10.31579/2692-9562/117
Copyright: © 2024, Jan Myjkowski. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Received: 04 March 2024 | Accepted: 08 March 2024 | Published: 17 March 2024
Keywords: sound wave; basilar membrane; natural vibrations; resonance
The theory of hearing under the name of traveling wave theory was announced in 1928 by Georg Bekesy, a 29-year-old engineer from Budapest. In 1961, it was awarded the Nobel Prize [1].
It has been revised and supplemented many times. The progress of science over the century has been much faster than the evolution of this theory. Many years of analysis and consideration of the logic of what is assumed to be a mechanistic theory of hearing indicate the need for a new discussion on a seemingly already closed issue. New studies and experiments not previously known have emerged [2].
The theory of hearing under the name of traveling wave theory was announced in 1928 by Georg Bekesy, a 29-year-old engineer from Budapest. In 1961, it was awarded the Nobel Prize [1].
It has been revised and supplemented many times. The progress of science over the century has been much faster than the evolution of this theory. Many years of analysis and consideration of the logic of what is assumed to be a mechanistic theory of hearing indicate the need for a new discussion on a seemingly already closed issue. New studies and experiments not previously known have emerged [2].
Processes at the molecular and electron levels are coming to the fore [3]. Less important is the mechanics and hydrodynamics, which so far was the center stage. Some fundamental assumptions of the theory need to be verified. In effect of the analysis of countless works originating from numerous specialties and consultations with specialists in many fields of science, a picture of hearing has emerged that is significantly different from that presented in textbooks and publications related to hearing. For 20 years now, there have been voices of criticism of the current philosophical system of our hearing [4].
Today, despite the censorship of orthodox reviewers, increasingly more is heard about the frailty of the traveling wave theory. But it is still impossible to think about the possibility of making a mistake in the assumptions of the theory of hearing almost 100 years ago. Thanks to advances in science, this is becoming more and more apparent. A consequence of this is the need to introduce new information related to hearing theory into textbooks This is met with some significant resistance from potent decision makers, accustomed tothe existing state of affairs, despite contradictions with current knowledge and the logic of Nature. There have been signals about the problems of the traveling wave theory for a long time, but they are certainly too weak because they do not stimulate even the slightest discussion on this topic. It seems to be a forbidden topic; it is forbidden to challenge a Nobel Prize-winning theory.
As evidence pointing to the need for discussions and analysis, I present some of the most important issues related to hearing theory:
Problems of hearing theory for discussion:
his wave, approx. 0.01 nm, fades several hundred times on its way to the cap. It does not have enough energy to induce a wave traveling on the basilar membrane, to move the fluid mass according to the amplitude and frequency of the sound wave. It has no energy to tilt or bend the hairs of the hair cells. Thus, it has no ability to induce OHC depolarization. Despite this, such a signal is detected along the auditory nerve. According to the logic, there is another simple signal path to the receptor.
2. The main pillar of Bekesy's theory is the resonance of the sound wave with the basilar membrane. The problem arises: how does the longitudinal wave resonate with the transverse wave of the basilar membrane? Bekesy assumed, based on simple studies, that the natural vibrations of the basilar membrane are between 16 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Studies of natural vibrations of human tissues have shown that the results range from 8 – 100 Hz [6]. In addition, Bekesy assumed false dimensions of the basilar membrane for his calculations. The width of the vestibular duct at the oval window is 4.3 mm. In contrast, the width of the basilar membrane at this location taken for calculation is 0.1 mm. In a narrowing cochlea, the width of the vestibular canal near the cap is 1.7 mm, while the width of the basilar membrane increases to 0.5 mm. The thickness of the basilar membrane increases from 0.025 mm at the oval window to 0.075 mm at the cap region. According to Bekesy, this membrane, occupying only 1/42 of the width of the septum between the canals, with an average thickness of 5 micrometers, houses the entire organ of Corti with Deiters cells, Hensen cells, Claudius cells, phalanx cells, external and internal hair cells, Nuel's space, internal tunnel of Corti, reticular membrane, nerves and vessels, and a layer of connective tissue on the lower surface of the basilar membrane. By itself, the anatomical basilar membrane is only a small part of the entire vibrating mass. It should be added that these vibrations take place in the fluid of the two cochlear ducts, which have high vibration damping capabilities. The transmission of accurate auditory information through this route is very questionable, even impossible. Consider that small mammals and birds have basilar membranes 2-5 mm long and can hear sounds up to 100 kHz [7]. There is no explanation of how resonance is created for a 100 Hz wave when this wavelength in the cochlear fluid is 1450 cm and the basilar membrane is 5 - 32 mm. There is no explanation of how the resonance of a wave lasting a tenth of a ms. is formed when the wave has only 1 or 2 wave periods? [8]. The significance of the difference in the speed of the longitudinal wave in the cochlear fluid - 1450 m/s - and that on the basilar membrane - a traveling wave of 8-100 m/s - depending on the frequency and location on the basilar membrane - has not been explained. The wave traveling on the basilar membrane grows from the oval window toward the cap. On what principle, since the energy of the sound wave decreases rapidly and, besides, low frequencies cannot resonate in the initial section of the basilar membrane due to the incompatibility of the forcing vibrations with the forced ones. How does resonance arise in small mammals and birds that have a basilar membrane of 2-5 mm, hearing sounds with a frequency of 10 Hz (a pigeon hears sounds of 5 Hz), when the wavelength in the cochlear fluid is 145 m?
3. The sound wave transmits not only energy, which encodes auditory information. How are polytonies with aliquots, phase shifts, and accent transmitted? The same is true for cochlear fluid moved by a traveling wave. The same information is supposed to be conveyed by the tilting of auditory cell hairs and the tightening of cadherin filaments, connecting neighboring hairs and the gating mechanism of the potassium mechanosensitive channel. The energy of the sound wave encoding the information is quantized [3]. The mechanisms described above do not have the ability to quantize the energy transferred.
4. Signal amplification, according to theory, is typically mechanical amplification by contraction of the OHC and pulling up the basilar membrane in the appropriate place. Quiet sounds are amplified by 40 dB, i.e. their amplitude increases 10,000 times. It is difficult to understand that we still hear them as quiet sounds. In addition, for loud sounds, OHC contraction after depolarization and basilar membrane pull-up occur, all the same. Doesn't it interfere with the wave at that time traveling along the basilar membrane? Tones that are below the auditory threshold cannot be amplified because they do not cause depolarization and contraction of the OHC. There is a problem of amplifying polytonies, containing quiet and loud tones with harmonic tones. Mechanical amplification is time-consuming. Loud tone information is sent to the brain, while quiet tones are separated and amplified. Information cannot be transmitted along with loud tones. Besides, amplification of quiet tones interferes with extraneous new waves existing on the basilar membrane. Such mechanical amplification could only exist for a continuous harmonic tone. The sound wave does not meet such conditions. Intracellular amplification has no such problems.
5. To simplify calculations, Bekesy assumed that the cochlea is a straight pipe narrowed in half. This changes the mechanics of the cochlea. In the coiled cochlea, wave reflections from the wall surfaces of the double concave ducts play an important role, resulting in a concentration of reflected rays. There is absorption attenuation, reflection attenuation and interference attenuation. Additionally, the dispersion of the wave on the fluid contents of the cochlea and the increasing distance from the oval window cause a dramatic decrease in the energy of the sound wave, which makes it difficult to transmit information to the brain.
6. The fading of wave energy on its way to the receptor: Laser Doppler vibrometry studies have shown that the amplitude of the 90 dB (500 nm) and 10 kHz wave in the EAC, examined on oval window, has an amplitude of 0.5 nm [2]. The path to the oval window is not the path to the receptor, but the greatest energy loss occurs on the way to the cap. Please note that the input is 90 dB. A human hears a tone at an input of 0 dB = 0.01 nm. If such a wave amplitude fades on its way to the cap several hundred times, how is the wave traveling on the basilar membrane formed? This is a size 10 times smaller than the diameter of the atoms that make up the basilar membrane. Is such wave capable of bending the hairs of hearing cells 10,000 times thicker? And if it is assumed that these hairs are connected to the covering membrane, they must be bent to change the tension of the cadherin filaments. If this is impossible, then inducing OHC depolarization is impossible, mechanical amplification is impossible. We hear it! So, there is another signal pathway to the receptor.
7. Cochlear implant surgery for partial deafness: The electrodes inserted into the tympanic canal immobilize the basilar membrane, but this does not change the hearing of tones heard before the surgery. The signal must go to the receptor by another route.
8. Stapedotomy surgery improves hearing only of low and medium frequencies [9]. The piston prosthesis mimics only the movements of the piston. It does not imitate the physiological movements of the stapes plate in the transverse axis at high frequencies, or movements in the longitudinal axis of the stapes plate during the highest frequencies. The absence of these rocking (oscillating) movements is the reason for the lackof improvement in high frequencies after surgery.
9. The incudostapedial joint is a spherical joint. It allows the stapes plate to move in various planes, which allows you to hear high frequencies by transmitting them from the middle ear bones to the cochlear bone casing. In the case of rocking movements, half of the stapes generates fluid movement in the direction of the cap, while the other half of the plate generates fluid movement in the opposite direction. Adjacent fluid and wave streams with opposite directions are formed. The transmission of information through this route is disturbed. And precise information reaches the receptor. It is believed that it takes a different route - through the bone housing of the cochlea.
10. The signal travel time from the EAC to the auditory nerve according to electrophysiological studies is 1.5 - 1.9 ms. On the other hand, the signal travel time, including all sections of the path through the basilar membrane, cochlear fluids and the tip-links mechanism, is approximately 5 ms. This indicates that there is a path twice as fast. The bone conducts sound waves at a speed of 4,000 m/s.
11. Bekesy incorrectly assumed that the sound wave resonating with the basilar membrane travels on both sides of the membrane. For this purpose, for calculation purposes, he removed Reissner's membrane from the ear and connected the vestibular duct with the cochlear duct, regardless of the difference in electrolyte concentrations of these fluids. In this way, he obtained a different (artificial) path of sound wave along the basilar membrane. However, he neglected the important facts that along the way the sound wave encounters the tegmental membrane with very low natural vibrations, then crosses the subsegmental endolymph layer to pass through the organ of Corti with receptors in the form of hair cells. It passes through these cells, without transmitting information, and heads for the basilar membrane, where it is supposed to induce a traveling wave, which is supposed to activate the cochlear fluids to tilt the hairs of the hair cells. This resulting movement of the cochlear fluid due to the traveling wave has a direction opposite to the direction of the wave heading to the basilar membrane. Nature could not accept such an illogical solution, incompatible with anatomy. The auditory receptor receives a relevant stimulus, which is the energy of the sound wave. So, the hair cell = receptor receives information from the sound wave that reaches it. In Bekesy's concept, the sound wave passed through the auditory cells without passing information to the receptor. This goes against the logic of Nature.
12. A sound wave has no mass and is not subject to the law of inertia, possessing motion and acceleration. In contrast, the vibrating elements of the middle ear (ossicles) and the vibrating elements of the inner ear - the basilar membrane, inner ear fluids, OHCs and hairs of hair cells - have mass and are subject to positive or negative motion and acceleration in wave motion. There is a formula for acceleration in wave motion. (2π x frequency)2 x amplitude. Acceleration times mass = inertia g/mm/s2. The higher the frequency and amplitude of vibrating element, the higher the inertia. This issue is not analyzed in the traveling wave theory, because it indicates the difficulty of transmitting high frequencies through the basilar membrane and cochlear fluids.
On the other hand, there is no problem with signal transmission through the bone housing of the cochlea.
13.The tip-links mechanism, with the pulling of cadherin links acting as the molecular mechanism of channel gates, is supposed to be responsible for the opening of mechanosensitive potassium channels in the hair cell membrane. J. Hudspeth announced that myosin is responsible for closing potassium channels. None of the entire range of myosins are able to operate this mechanism during high frequencies. They are too slow to act.
14.The basilar membrane, according to the traveling wave theory, is supposed to be responsible for frequency discrimination. The length of the human’s basilar membrane = 32 mm. A trained musician recognizes 3,000 frequencies. That is, for 1 frequency with the maximum wave deflection on the basilar membrane, there is 0.0106 mm of the basilar membrane. What do these waves look like in the case of polytones with harmonic components? How do these waves traveling on the basilar membrane determine frequency resolution in mammals or birds having basilar membranes 2 - 5 mm long? Birds are very musical.
15.The hair cell is an excitable cell [10]. A supra-threshold stimulus in the form of a sound wave knocks the cell out of a state of dynamic equilibrium, starting its depolarization, followed by repolarization. During these phases, the hair cell is insensitive to new stimulation. This is an absolute refraction, lasting about 1-2 ms. Assuming that all ion channels work at the same time, the cell cannot be depolarized and thus contract more often than 1000 /s. It is not possible to transmit high frequencies while depolarizing the entire cell at the same time. Only limited depolarization gives the possibility of high-frequency transmission. A problem arises with the mechanical amplification of low intensities of high frequencies if depolarization and contraction of the OHC cannot occur.
16. Directional hearing is determined by the difference in the time it takes for the signal to reach both ears. The difference in the interaural distance in humans results in a difference in the received signal time of 0.6 ms in air and 0.5 ms in water. This 0.1 ms difference means that in water, directional hearing does not work. The interaural distance in birds is much smaller, yet they have excellent directional recognition, even in the case of quiet sounds, which, according to the traveling wave theory, require time-consuming amplification and travel to the receptor in a roundabout way through time-consuming resonance, basilar membrane, cochlear fluids and the inclination of hairs of hair cells. The survival of many animal species on Earth depends on the speed of auditory reactions, the ability to recognize directions and judge distances.
17. The traveling wave theory does not clearly describe the conversion of the quantized mechanical energy of a sound wave into electrochemical energy of the auditory cell membrane [11]. There is no description of the biochemical processes inside the hair cell, intracellular amplification, or the importance of calcium in the transmission of information. These processes are described in the paper: "Processing and Transmission of Auditory Information" from 2004 and in the paper: "Submolecular Theory of Hearing" from 2022.
EAC - external auditory canal
nm - nanometer
OHC - outer hair cell
kHz - 1000 Hz nm - nanometer = 10-9m
mm - millimeter = 10-3m
dB - decibel
ms - millisecond
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
