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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/689
Department of Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry, Sumitra Research Institute, Gujarat, India.
*Corresponding Author: Odhiambo Donpaul., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry, Sumitra Research Institute, Gujarat, India.
Citation: Alagbe J. Olujimi, (2025), Plumeria Obtusa Leaf Powder Supplemented in the Diet of Pekin Ducks: Effect on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Caecal Microflora Count, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, 24(1); DOI:10.31579/2690-4861/689
Copyright: © 2025, Alagbe John Olujimi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 18 December 2024 | Accepted: 23 January 2025 | Published: 14 March 2025
Keywords: antimicrobial; ducks; growth; performance; plumeria obtuse; phyto-components
This experiment was carried out to evaluate Plumeria obtusa leaf powder supplemented in the diet of Pekin ducks: effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics and caecal microflora count. 400 Pekin ducklings (mixed sex) were used in the 42 days trial (Poultry Unit of Sumitra Research Institute, India) with an initial body weight of 42.55± 1.35 g were randomly distributed into five treatment groups with ten replicates (10 birds per replicate). An experimental bird (basal diet) was compounded following the requirement for ducks according Nutritional Research Council’s recommendation in 1994. Ducks in group A which also served as the control, was fed basal diet only, group B received basal diet supplemented with Oxytet® Plus (synthetic antibiotics) at 0.25 g/kg diet while those in group C, D and E were fed same diet (basal diet) supplemented with Plumeria obtusa leaf powder at 20 g, 40 g and 60 g/kg diet respectively. Average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake were higher in birds fed Plumeria obtusa leaf powder (C, D and E), intermediate in group B and lowest in group A (p˂0.05). Feed to gain ratio decreased as the level of Plumeria obtusa leaf powder increased in the diet (p˂0.05). Dressed percentage, eviscerated weight were significantly (p˂0.05) influenced by the diet except for the relative weights of heart, liver, spleen, head, back, thigh, drumstick, breast and wing (p˃0.05). Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp, Staphyllococcus spp and Stereptococcus spp counts were higher in group A relative to the other treatments. Conversely, Lactobacillus spp count were higher in group C, D and E compared to the other groups. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of Plumeria obtusa leaf powder up to 60 g/kg had to negative effect on the performance of ducks.
This overuse of antibiotics in the poultry industry can cause antimicrobial resistance, a considerable threat to the human population. Several non-antibiotics, plant-derived antimicrobial substances have been proposed as promising feed additives to ensure a high health status (Olujimi, 2024). The utilization of herbal plants has been scientifically confirmed to have no drug resistance, non-toxic side effects, can help to promote food security and environmental sustainability (Olujimi, 2024). Herbal plants contains several phyto-components with abundant pharmacological properties including, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory (Ojediran 2024a; Ojediran, 2024b), gastro-protective (Latanker et al., 2016; Nureni and Rustaman, 2019), antiulcer, immuno-modulatory (Singh et al., 2022), anticancer, cytotoxic, antioxidant (Muritala et al., 2022), anti-diabetic (Daniel et al., 2023), anti-helminthic, digestive stimulators, antiviral (Ojediran et al., 2024b), anti-diarrhea (Aguoru et al., 2016), and so on. Plumeria obtusa is one of the potential underutilized medicinal plant with therapeutic properties and also loaded with nutritional qualities (Bihani and Mhaske, 2020; Nittya, 2016).
Plumeria obtusa is a popular medicinal plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae. It is a large shrub that at times grows to a height of 5 to 6 metres tall found in most parts of Asia including, China, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, North Central America and Africa (Kanlayavattanakul et al., 2013; Kamran et al., 2020). They comprises of over 28 species widely distributed in different parts of the world. The leaves are dark green in colour and characterized by a soft shine adaxially and paler with tertiary veins, flowers are white, waxy and fragrant with large deciduous bracts while the leaves, stem and branches possess milky sap (El-Kasshef et al., 2015; Devprakash et al., 2012). Plumeria obtusa leaves contains phytochemicals such as, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds (Choudhary et al., 2014; Amaral et al., 2013).Traditionally, the leaves are used to treat skin infections, wounds, ulcer, pain, tooth ache, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, leprosy, cough, asthma, malaria, sexually transmitted infections, cardiovascular disease amongst others (Ali et al., 2013; Ali et al., 2014). Previous scientific studies have shown that medicinal plants had positive influence on the digestive system increasing appetite and gastrointestinal secretions (Botsoglou et al., 2002), they stimulate enzyme secretions and the peristalsis improving digestion (Abudabos et al., 2017) and assimilation of nutrients of birds (El-Sabrout and Saleh, 2014). Phytogenics also have the potential to support gut health under challenging stress conditions due to the presence of phenols and flavonoids (Ahmed et al., 2019). They can also promote better balance the gut microflora and to stimulate digestive process of broiler chickens (Garcia et al., 2016). Ao and Kim (2020), reported that grape seed extract supplemented in the diet of Pekin ducks at 0.02 % was capable of scavenge the activities of free radicals and improving their immune parameters. Ralph and Sance (2024) also observed that meat quality of Muscovy duck was enhanced through the supplementation of oregano extract. However, there is little or no information about the effect of Plumeria obtusa leaf powder. This information is timely because the livestock industry has turned against the use of antibiotic growth promoters due to its numerous negative effect on health and environment. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of Plumeria obtusa leaf powder on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and caecal microflora count of Pekin ducks.
Ethical Approval, Experimental Location And Duration
All the experimental procedures was approved by the Animal Research and Welfare Committee of Sumitra Research Institute, Gujarat India (FT/009-24/SMT/9002). The study duration was 42 days.
Plumeria obtusa leaf collection, processing and analysis of phyto-components
Fresh leaves of Plumeria obtusa leaves were collected from Orthur village in India and sent to the department of Agronomy at Sumitra Research Institute, Gujarat, India for proper identification (DF/09/2025-08A) before it was shade dried for 12 days to retain the phyto-constituents in the plant. Thereafter, milled into powder using an electronic blender before it was stored in an air tight labeled polythene and stored under room temperature. 200 g of the powdered sample (Plumeria obtusa leaf powder) was sent to the laboratory for the evaluation of phyto-components using portable deck high frequency gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Model: LD/09A/2081). Composition of flavonoids, phenolic compound, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids and saponins were assessed at different optical density according to procedures outlined by Alagbe (2024).
Care, Housing and Experimental Design
400 Peckin ducklings (mixed sex) were used in the 42 days trial (Poultry Unit of Sumitra Research Institute, India) with an initial body weight of 42.55± 1.35 g were housed in a galvanized battery cage measuring (400 cm × 310 cm × 155 cm) equipped with nipple drinker and aluminum feeder. The initial body weight was recorded using a digital sensitive scale on arrival before they were randomly distributed into five treatment groups with ten replicates (10 birds per replicate). An experimental bird (basal diet) was compounded following the requirement for ducks according Nutritional Research Council’s recommendation in 1994. Ducklings were given a mixture of water soluble vitamins with glucose in the ratio of 1:2 for 5 days. 200 watt bulb was constructed with the cage was used to supply heat to birds. Ducks in group A which also served as the control, was fed basal diet only, group B received basal diet supplemented with Oxytet® Plus (synthetic antibiotics) at 0.25 g/kg diet while those in group C, D and E were fed same diet (basal diet) supplemented with Plumeria obtusa leaf powder at 20 g, 40 g and 60 g/kg diet respectively. Birds were fed thrice (5:30 H, 11:30 H and 3:00 H) and had unlimited access to clean fresh water and feed. Final body weight gain was recorded at the end of the experiment while average body weight gain was calculated as the difference between the average final body weight and average initial body weight. Feed consumption was recorded per pen and per phase. Feed to gain ratio and average daily weight gain and average daily feed consumption were calculated according to the feeding phases.
Carcass Characteristics Evaluation
On the 42th day of the experiment, four birds per replicate were randomly selected, weighed and slaughtered by cutting the jugular veins in the neck allowed to bleed, scalded in warm water (70℃) and manually de-feathered. Eviscerated and dressed weight was also recorded before it was cut into various parts and organs were separated before its measurement was taken using a digital sensitive scale. The weight of the cut-up parts (drum stick, back, head, wing, breast and thigh) and organs (liver, spleen, heart, kidney and gizzard) were expressed percentage of live weight while the dressing percentage was calculated as:
Dressing % = Eviscerated weight divided by Live weight multiplied by 100
Caecal microflora count
At the end of the study, four birds were randomly selected per replicate (same birds used for carcass evaluation) for caecal microbial count. Samples from the caecum was collected into plain sample bottles (well labeled) followed by the addition of 10 % peptone reagent before it was transferred immediately to the microbiology department of Sumitra Research Institute for further studies. Count of organisms were done using Lethal® Microtech (Model: DV/009L, China). All other procedures were strictly followed according to the standard kit operation manual of manufacturers.
Analysis Of Experimental Diet
Proximate components of experimental diet was carried out using Niabor 567® automated feed analyzer (Model; PP/2056A-11T, Netherlands). Percentage of calcium and phosphorus in diet was evaluated using Spectra® atomic absorption spectrometer (model SFG-588/09C, India).
Statistical Analysis Used For The Experiment
Data obtained on growth performance, carcass characteristics and ceacal microflora evaluation were subjected to one -way analysis of variance using SPSS (version 25). Significant differences among the groups were subjected to comparisons using the Duncan multiple range test of the same software. All differences were considered to be statistically significant when p < 0>
Experimental Results
Nutrient levels of experimental diet fed to Peckin ducklings at the beginning (starter: 0-21d) and finisher (22-42 d) is displayed in Table 1 and 2. Crude protein (23.12 % and 20.92 %), crude fibre (3.73 % and 3.96 %), crude fat (4.05 % and 3.88 %), calcium (1.19 % and 1.20 %), phosphorus (0.54 % and 0.61 %), lysine (1.35 % and 1.32 %), methionine (0.60 % and 0.59 %) and energy [(2991.2 and 3096.7 Kcal/kg)] in that order. Values recorded was consistent with Nutritional Research Council’s standard (1994). The phyto-components in Plumeria obtusa leaf powder is presented in Table 3. Seven bioactive compounds were discovered including, phenols (906.75 g/kg), flavonoids (818.92 g/kg), terpenoids (462.33 g/kg), steroids (103.86 g/kg), alkaloids (57.81 g/kg), glycosides (40.42 g/kg) and tannins (30.45 g/kg). Growth performance records of Peckin ducklings fed diet supplemented with Plumeria obtusa leaf powder is presented in Table 4. The overall effect on starter and grower phase confirms that average daily weight gain and average daily feed consumption whose values varied from 48.40 - 66.67 g/b and 120.29 to 136.1 g/b higher among birds which received diet C (20 g Plumeria obtusa leaf powder/kg diet), D (40 g Plumeria obtusa leaf powder/kg diet) and E (60 g Plumeria obtusa leaf powder/kg diet), intermediate among birds fed diet B (0.25 g Oxytet Plus®/kg diet) and lowest in control (diet A, without Plumeria obtusa leaf powder) (p˂0.05). This outcome follow similar pattern in the starter and grower phase as average daily weight gain and average feed consumption values were higher (p˂0.05) among birds fed diet C, D and E compared to the other groups. Similarly, best overall feed to gain ratio was recorded among birds fed diet C, D and E which were similar (p˃0.05) compared to those on diet B and A. This trend was also observed in the starter and grower phase as increase in dietary supplementation of Plumeria obtusa leaf powder decreased feed to gain ratio (p˂0.05). Birds on diet C, D and E also recorded an overall higher values of protein intake (1107.7 to 1254.2 g/b) and energy intake [(15492.0 to 17521.7 (ME/kcal/bird)] compared with birds on diet B and A (control), these variation was also observed in the starter and grower phase where protein and energy intake of birds on diet C, D and E were similar (p˃0.05) but higher than those which received diet A and B (p˂0.05).Carcass characteristics of birds fed diets supplemented with Plumeria obtusa leaf powder (Table 5). Dressed weight, eviscerated weight and dressing percentage among birds on diets C, D and E were similar (p>0.05) but were higher significantly (P˂0.05) when compared with those of the birds on diet A and B. Dietary supplementation of Plumeria obtusa leaf powder had no significant (p˃0.05) influence on the relative weights of liver, kidney, spleen, heart, thigh, head, drumstick, wing, back and breast of carcass in all the groups. Caecal microflora of Plumeria obtusa leaf powder supplemented in the diet of birds (Table 6). Birds that received diet A displayed higher (p˂0.05) count in Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp, Staphyllococcus spp and Stereptococcus spp in the caecum compared to other groups. Lactobacillus spp count among birds on diets C, D and E were similar (p>0.05) but were higher significantly (p˂0.05) when compared with those of the birds on diet A and B.
| Ingredient/Item | Content (%) | Content (%) | Content (%) | Content (%) | Content (%) |
| Maize | 51.4 | 51.4 | 51.4 | 51.4 | 51.4 |
| Rice bran | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| Soybean meal | 32.0 | 32.0 | 32.0 | 32.0 | 32.0 |
| Fish meal | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Calcium carbonate | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| Bone meal | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| Lysine | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Methionine | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Premix | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Sodium chloride | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
| Oxytet powder | 0 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Plumeria obtusa leaf powder (g/kg diet) | 0 | 0 | 20.0 | 40.0 | 60.0 |
| Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Nutrient levels (%) | |||||
| Crude protein | 23.12 | 23.12 | 23.12 | 23.12 | 23.12 |
| Crude fibre | 3.73 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 3.73 |
| Crude fat | 4.05 | 4.05 | 4.05 | 4.05 | 4.05 |
| Calcium | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.19 |
| Phosphorus | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.54 |
| Lysine | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.35 |
| Methionine | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
| Energy (Kcal/kg) | 2991.2 | 2991.2 | 2991.2 | 2991.2 | 2991.2 |
Table 1: Nutrient composition of experimental diet given to Pekin ducklings (starter diet) (0-21 d).
| Ingredient/Item | Content (%) | Content (%) | Content (%) | Content (%) | Content (%) |
| Maize | 52.4 | 52.4 | 52.4 | 52.4 | 52.4 |
| Rice bran | 6.50 | 6.50 | 6.50 | 6.50 | 6.50 |
| Soybean meal | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
| Fish meal | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| Calcium carbonate | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Bone meal | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 |
| Lysine | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Methionine | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Premix | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Sodium chloride | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
| Oxytet powder | 0 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Plumeria obtusa leaf powder (g/kg diet) | 0 | 0 | 20.0 | 40.0 | 60.0 |
| Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Nutrient levels (%) | |||||
| Crude protein | 20.92 | 20.92 | 20.92 | 20.92 | 20.92 |
| Crude fibre | 3.96 | 3.96 | 3.96 | 3.96 | 3.96 |
| Crude fat | 3.88 | 3.88 | 3.88 | 3.88 | 3.88 |
| Calcium | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 |
| Phosphorus | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 |
| Lysine | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.32 |
| Methionine | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 |
| Energy (Kcal/kg) | 3096.7 | 3096.7 | 3096.7 | 3096.7 | 3096.7 |
Table 2: Nutrient composition of experimental diet given to Pekin ducklings (grower diet) (22-42 d).
| Phyto-components | Concentrations (g/kg) |
| Terpenoids | 462.33 |
| Flavonoids | 818.92 |
| Phenols | 906.75 |
| Steroids | 103.86 |
| Glycosides | 40.42 |
| Alkaloids | 57.81 |
| Tannins | 30.45 |
Table 3: Phyto-components in Plumeria obtusa leaf powder.
| Variables | A | B | C | D | E | SEM | P-value |
| Starter phase (0 - 21 d) | |||||||
| Experimental period | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | - | |
| Number of birds | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | - | |
| Average initial body weight (g/b) | 43.9 | 43.08 | 42.55 | 42.86 | 42.95 | 0.21 | 0.01 |
| Average final body weight (g/b) | 554.11c | 610.5b | 710.4a | 719.6a | 724.4a | 0.52 | 0.13 |
| Body weight gain (g/b) | 510.21c | 567.42b | 667.85a | 676.74a | 681.45a | 0.47 | 0.10 |
| Daily weight gain (g/b) | 24.3c | 27.02b | 31.8a | 32.22a | 32.45a | 0.02 | 0.21 |
| Total feed intake (g/b) | 1456.7c | 1660.3b | 1692.1a | 1698.5a | 1700.2a | 10.07 | 0.62 |
| Daily feed intake (g/b) | 69.37c | 79.06b | 80.58a | 80.88a | 80.96a | 0.01 | 0.16 |
| Feed to gain ratio | 2.86a | 2.71b | 2.51c | 2.50c | 2.50c | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Protein intake (g/b) | 338.25c | 385.52b | 392.91a | 394.39a | 394.79a | 0.17 | 0.02 |
| Energy intake (ME/kcal/bird) | 4357.28c | 4966.29b | 5061.41a | 5080.55a | 5085.64a | 18.72 | 0.25 |
| Grower phase (22-42 d) | |||||||
| Body weight gain (g/b) | 1522.7c | 1760.91b | 2100.5a | 2111.9a | 2118.7a | 9.72 | 0.18 |
| Daily weight gain (g/b) | 72.51c | 83.85b | 100.0a | 100.6a | 100.9a | 0.46 | 0.10 |
| Total feed intake (g/b) | 3595.7b | 3700.6b | 4006.8a | 4010.5a | 4015.9a | 17.54 | 0.30 |
| Daily feed intake (g/b) | 171.22c | 176.22b | 190.80a | 190.77a | 191.23a | 0.07 | 0.20 |
| Feed to gain ratio | 2.36a | 2.10b | 1.91c | 1.90c | 1.90c | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Protein intake (g/b) | 769.48b | 791.94b | 857.46a | 858.25a | 859.40a | 1.23 | 0.06 |
| Energy intake (ME/kcal/bird) | 11134.8b | 11459.8b | 12407.9a | 12419.3a | 12436.0a | 34.93 | 0.40 |
| Overall production (0-42 d) | |||||||
| Average final body weight (g/b) | 2032.91c | 2328.33b | 2768.35a | 2788.64a | 2800.15a | 16.20 | 0.27 |
| Daily weight gain (g/b) | 48.4c | 55.44b | 65.91a | 66.40a | 66.67a | 0.09 | 0.02 |
| Total feed intake (g/b) | 5052.4c | 5360.95b | 5698.9a | 5709a | 5716.1a | 19.05 | 0.33 |
| Daily feed intake (g/b) | 120.29c | 127.64b | 135.69a | 135.93a | 136.1a | 0.06 | 0.02 |
| Feed to gain | 2.45a | 2.30b | 2.06c | 2.05c | 2.04c | 0.01 | 0.08 |
| Protein intake (g/b) | 1107.7c | 1177.4b | 1250.4a | 1252.6a | 1254.2a | 35.87 | 0.42 |
| Energy intake (ME/kcal/bird) | 15492.0c | 16426.1b | 17469.3a | 17499.9a | 17521.7a | 41.22 | 0.92 |
Table 4: Growth performance of Peking ducklings fed diet supplemented with Plumeria obtusa leaf powder.
Values followed by different letters were significantly different (p˂0.05); diet A: basal diet only (control); B: basal diet supplemented with Oxytet® at 0.25 g/kg diet while C, D and E: basal diet supplemented with Plumeria obtusa leaf powder at 20 g, 40 g, 60 g and 80 g per kg respectively; SEM: standard error of mean
| Variables | A | B | C | D | E | SEM | P-value |
| Live weight | 2059.39c | 2306.71b | 2753.4a | 2801.2a | 2822.8a | 18.22 | 0.56 |
| Dressed weight | 1669.21c | 1952.2b | 2371.1a | 2501.0a | 2518.1a | 15.31 | 0.41 |
| Eviscerated weight | 1369.40c | 1622.6b | 2071.5a | 2171.9a | 2208.5a | 12.74 | 0.68 |
| Dressing percentage | 66.49c | 70.34b | 75.23a | 77.51a | 78.25a | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Organ weights expressed in % live weight | |||||||
| Liver | 2.06 | 2.11 | 2.13 | 2.15 | 2.18 | 0.06 | 0.21 |
| Kidneys | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Spleen | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Heart | 0.52 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.01 |
| Gizzard | 3.01 | 3.04 | 3.11 | 3.13 | 3.15 | 0.91 | 0.02 |
| Cut parts expressed in % live weight | |||||||
| Thigh | 10.45 | 10.68 | 10.85 | 10.91 | 10.93 | 0.07 | 0.01 |
| Head | 3.02 | 3.15 | 3.17 | 3.21 | 3.23 | 0.02 | 0.05 |
| Drumstick | 10.23 | 10.75 | 10.88 | 10.92 | 11.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Wing | 8.02 | 8.13 | 8.22 | 9.05 | 9.11 | 1.55 | 0.01 |
| Back | 14.22 | 16.73 | 19.98 | 20.72 | 20.73 | 2.71 | 0.02 |
| Neck | 3.12 | 3.17 | 3.23 | 3.34 | 3.45 | 0.04 | 0.22 |
| Breast | 17.33 | 20.94 | 25.33 | 26.03 | 26.17 | 6.49 | 0.03 |
Table 5: Carcass characteristics of Peking ducklings fed diet supplemented with Plumeria obtusa leaf powder.
Values followed by different letters were significantly different (p˂0.05); diet A: basal diet only (control); B: basal diet supplemented with Oxytet® at 0.25 g/kg diet while C, D and E: basal diet supplemented with Plumeria obtusa leaf powder at 20 g, 40 g, 60 g and 80 g per kg respectively; SEM: standard error of mean
| Variables (Log 10 CFU) | A | B | C | D | E | SEM | P-value |
| Escherichia coli | 4.05a | 2.83b | 2.57b | 2.52b | 2.51b | 0.22 | 0.13 |
| Pseudomonas spp | 3.42a | 2.62b | 2.11b | 2.03b | 2.01b | 0.18 | 0.10 |
| Staphyllococcus spp | 3.77a | 2.91b | 2.33b | 2.21b | 2.16b | 0.19 | 0.05 |
| Streptococcus spp | 2.78a | 1.92b | 0.95c | 0.92c | 0.91c | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Lactobacillus spp | 3.63c | 4.11b | 5.06a | 5.11a | 5.16a | 1.48 | 0.02 |
Table 6: Caecal microflora of Peking ducklings fed diet supplemented with Plumeria obtusa leaf powder.
Values followed by different letters were significantly different (p˂0.05); diet A: basal diet only (control); B: basal diet supplemented with Oxytet® at 0.25 g/kg diet while C, D and E: basal diet supplemented with Plumeria obtusa leaf powder at 20 g, 40 g, 60 g and 80 g per kg respectively; SEM: standard error of mean
The presence of phyto-components (flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids and phenols) in Plumeria obtusa leaf indicates that it contains numerous pharmacological properties including, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, anti-helminthic, immune-modulatory, gastro-protective, antifungal, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antiviral, amongst others (). The composition of these compounds can be influenced by age of plant, specie, geographical location and processing methods (Singh et al., 2022; Ojediran et al., 2024). The outcome of this result aligns with the previous study by (John, 2024e). Overall result on growth performance of birds fed Plumeria obtusa leaf powder had the highest average daily body weight suggesting that herbal plants with its potential phyto-components could positively influence the activities of digestive enzymes in the gastro intestinal tract, possibly by reducing the retention time of feed thereby increasing nutrient absorption and reducing stress that could hinder metabolic process in animals (John, 2024c; John, 2024d). This result may be attributed to the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Plumeria obtusa leaf powder (Alagbe, 2024). Though birds fed diet B performed better compared to those in control (diet A), this outcome suggests that Oxytet® Plus possess antimicrobial properties (Daniel et al., 2023). The major advantage of supplementing Plumeria obtusa leaf powder is that it has no withdrawal period, pose no toxic residue products and will help to promote a sustainable environment (John, 2024a; John, 2024b). Average daily feed intake were highest among birds which received Plumeria obtusa leaf powder implying that it was well accepted and palatable for birds. Result obtained in this study is in consonance with the reports of Kasiyati et al. (2019); Pramestya et al. (2021), when plant extract was included in the diet of pennging duck. Overall protein and energy intake range (1107.7 to 1254.2 g/b) and [(15492.0 to 17521.7 (ME/kcal/bird)] obtained in this experiment was higher than values reported by Olamuyiwa et al. (2021) who recorded 970.14 - 1155.08 g/b and [(14265.9 - 16893.27 (ME/kcal/bird)] range when broilers were fed diet supplemented with ginger meal and monosodium glutamate. The increase in dietary supplementation of Plumeria obtusa leaf powder significantly decreased feed to gain ratio, this result implies efficient utilization and absorption of nutrient among birds which in turn positively influence average weight gain of birds. Overall feed conversion ratio range (2.04 to 2.45) recorded in this study was similar to those discovered by Ao and Kim (2020) who recorded a range of 2.40 to 2.55 when grape seed extract was fed to Pekin ducks. Dressed percentage of birds in group 3, 4, and 5 being higher than group 2 and 1 indicates that Plumeria obtusa leaf powder at 20 g, 40 g and 60 g/kg diet had a significant influence on the meat yield of birds. The result can be attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds in Plumeria obtusa leaf powder as stated in Table 3. Previous study by Diaz-Sanchez et al. (2015) revealed that herbal plants has a positive influence on the overall meat yield of broiler chickens. Relative weights of organs and cut parts were not influenced across the group implying the absence of inflammation or toxic substance in their body (Olafadehan et al., 2024). Inflammation of the liver can affect the production of some blood products and metabolism (Shittu et al., 2024). Impairment of the heart can affect the regulation of blood flow and can result in the death of animals (Musa et al., 2021). The result obtained in this study is in agreement with the Lokapirnasari and Agustono (2022) when Moringa olifera and probiotics were supplemented in the diet of Peking duck. In this experiment, increasing the dietary supplementation of Plumeria obtusa leaf powder from 20 - 60 g/kg diet significantly lowered the population of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp, Staphyllococcus spp and Stereptococcus spp count compared to the other group. The outcome of this result suggests that the mode of action of Plumeria obtusa leaf powder is based on competitive exclusion including removing undesirable bacteria that competes with nutrients and space in the gastrointestinal tract (Daniel et al., 2023). The presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds can produce a strong antimicrobial properties favoring the multiplication of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus spp (Alagbe, 2024). Conversely, Lactobacillus spp count increases as the level of Plumeria obtusa leaf powder increased across the group. According to Omokore and Alagbe (2019), lactic acid producing bacteria’s can modulate the host microbiota by inhibiting pathogenic organisms in the gut. Though, Oxtet® Plus (group 2) supplementation also able to reduce the activities of pathogenic organisms. However, there its efficacy is lower compared with Plumeria obtusa leaf powder group and continuous and indiscriminate usage could promote antimicrobial resistance or multi drug resistance in birds. The result obtained is in agreement with the reports Hajati et al. (2015); Wu et al. (2018) when botanical polyphenols was supplemented in the diet of ducks.
It was concluded that Plumeria obtusa leaf powder is abundant in several phyto-components with high medicinal value and can be explored in the treatment of some pathogens in ducks. Result on growth performance, carcass characteristics and ceacal mircoflora revealed that Plumeria obtusa leaf powder had positive influence or impact on the digestive system increasing appetite and stimulating the secretions of enzymes thus allowing assimilation of nutrients of birds. It can be supplemented up to 60 g/kg in the diet of ducks without causing any negative effect on their health status.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
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Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
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The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD
