Overcoming DentophobiaS in The Digital Age: The Role of Internet Addiction and Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

Research | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/555

Overcoming DentophobiaS in The Digital Age: The Role of Internet Addiction and Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

  • Dorina Stan 1
  • Dragoș Voicu 1,2*
  • Pușica Zainea 1,2
  • Alexandra Toma 1,2
  • Anamaria Ciubară 2,3

1County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Brăila, 810325 Brăila, Romania.

2Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 800201 Galați, Romania.

3Psychiatric Clinical Hospital „Elisabeta Doamna”, 800179 Galați, România.

*Corresponding Author: Dragoș Voicu1County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Brăila, 810325 Brăila, Romania.

Citation: Dorina Stan, Dragoș Voicu, Pușica Zainea, Alexandra Toma and Anamaria Ciubară, (2025), Overcoming DentophobiaS in The Digital Age: The Role of Internet Addiction and Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, J Clinical Research and Reports, 20(5); DOI:10.31579/2690-1919/555

Copyright: © 2025, Dragoș Voicu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 24 June 2025 | Accepted: 10 July 2025 | Published: 05 August 2025

Keywords: internet addiction; virtual reality exposure therapy; dentophobia; modified dental anxiety scale; digital dependency; dentistry; dental fear; odontophobia; dental anxiety

Abstract

Background: Dentophobia, a significant barrier to dental healthcare, may be influenced by increased dependency on digital technology and internet addiction, particularly among younger populations. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) compared to traditional methods in managing dentophobia, particularly among individuals exhibiting high levels of internet dependency. 

Methods: A comparative study involving two groups, each consisting of 50 young adults aged 18-30 years, diagnosed with dentophobia, was conducted. Group A participants, who exhibited high familiarity and borderline addictive behavior towards digital technologies, received VRET using VR-BOX glasses across four specific dental scenarios: dental chair positioning, oral examination, anesthesia administration, and dental drilling procedures. Group B received traditional "tell-show-do" management without VR assistance. Anxiety levels were evaluated using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) before and after interventions, and at follow-up intervals of one week, three months, and six months. 

Results: Both groups showed significant reductions in anxiety scores across all follow-up periods. Mild to phobic anxiety scores demonstrated no significant differences between VRET and traditional method groups. The average MDAS scores post-intervention was similar, indicating comparable effectiveness between both treatment modalities. 

Conclusions: Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy effectively reduces dentophobia among young adults, particularly those with significant internet dependency. Although VRET's effectiveness was similar to conventional methods, it holds considerable promise for improving treatment adherence and comfort among digitally dependent individuals.

1.Introduction

Dentophobia, an intense and persistent fear of dental procedures, significantly impacts patients' willingness to seek necessary dental care, adversely affecting oral health and overall well-being [1]. It remains a common and widespread psychological barrier globally, often leading to avoidance behavior, delayed treatment, and worsened dental conditions, thereby posing a significant public health challenge [2,3]. Recent literature continues to highlight the comprehensive repercussions of untreated dentophobia, including chronic oral health deterioration, psychological distress, and increased economic burdens resulting from delayed treatment and complex procedures required later [3,4]. Dentophobia often originates from negative past dental experiences, fear of pain, loss of control, or social embarrassment during procedures. These experiences are exacerbated by individual psychological predispositions such as heightened anxiety sensitivity, low pain thresholds, and cognitive distortions, intensifying perceived threats associated with dental treatment [5]. Despite numerous studies exploring dentophobia's roots and implications, effectively addressing it continues to be challenging, underscoring the need for innovative and patient-friendly therapeutic approaches [6]. Recent evidence has emphasized the importance of individualized and patient-centric approaches to improve adherence to dental care among anxious patients [6]. The rapid evolution of digital technologies, significantly accelerated by global events like the COVID-19 pandemic, has notably reshaped societal and individual behaviors [7]. Increased reliance on internet technologies has been accompanied by rising rates of internet addiction, particularly among younger demographics [8]. Internet addiction is characterized by compulsive digital engagement, leading to social isolation, impaired personal and occupational functioning, and intensified vulnerability to anxiety-related disorders, including dentophobia [8]. Younger populations, heavily integrated into digital environments, may experience heightened anxiety when confronted with real-world situations like dental visits, due to limited real-life exposure and increased reliance on virtual interactions [8]. Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET), which utilizes immersive virtual environments for controlled exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli, has gained prominence as an effective approach for managing various anxiety disorders [9]. Recent studies have validated VRET’s efficacy, emphasizing its potential in reducing anxiety through realistic yet manageable exposures that foster gradual adaptation and desensitization [9]. Additionally, emerging research indicates that VRET might enhance patient compliance and acceptance, especially among digitally native populations who prefer technology-assisted interventions [9]. Nevertheless, discussions persist regarding its relative efficacy compared to traditional methods, particularly considering cost, accessibility, and specific patient populations' digital literacy and preference for technology-based treatments [10]. This study specifically explores the comparative effectiveness of VRET versus traditional approaches for managing dentophobia in young adults exhibiting pronounced internet dependency. By examining this intersection between internet addiction and anxiety treatment modalities, the findings aim to inform targeted clinical practices, enhance patient compliance, and improve overall treatment outcomes, potentially transforming dentophobia management in digitally engaged populations. Furthermore, this investigation could serve as a foundation for future studies exploring broader applications of technology-assisted treatments across various psychological and behavioral health domains.

2. Materials and Methods

Study Design and Participants

This study employed a comparative experimental design to assess the effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) in managing dentophobia. Participants were young adults aged 18-30 years, recruited through flyers, online advertisements, and direct invitations from dental practitioners. Eligible participants were screened using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) to confirm their level of dental anxiety. Those with MDAS scores indicating moderate to high dentophobia were included in the study. Participants with neurological disorders, severe psychiatric conditions, or previous exposure to VR therapy were excluded to maintain consistency in study outcomes.

Intervention and Experimental Setup

Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups using a computerized randomization protocol to reduce selection bias and ensure group equivalence:

Group A (VRET Group):

Participants in this group received exposure therapy via a custom-designed Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) protocol. The virtual environment was delivered using VR-BOX head-mounted glasses with integrated lenses, coupled with an Oculus Quest 2 headset (960×1080 resolution per eye) as shown in Figure 1, allowing for high-fidelity 3D simulation. The VR environment was developed using interactive software designed to replicate a typical dental clinic setting. 

The simulation included four progressive exposure stages to desensitize participants to common dental triggers:

  1. Sitting in a dental chair
  2. Undergoing an oral examination
  3. Receiving a local anesthesia injection
  4. Experiencing a dental drilling procedure

Each exposure session lasted approximately 15 minutes, and real-time monitoring was enabled via a desktop controller to adjust environmental intensity and provide therapist feedback when necessary.

Figure 1: The VR simulation equipment.

Group B (Control Group – Traditional Behavioral Method)

Participants in this group underwent the widely used tell-show-do technique, a standard behavior management strategy in dentistry, as shown in Figure 2. The process included three phases:

  • Tell: The dental procedure was described in detail to the participant using simple, reassuring language.
  • Show: The instruments and steps involved in the procedure were demonstrated to familiarize the participant with what to expect.
  • Do: The simulated or actual non-invasive dental procedure was conducted while maintaining continuous verbal support.

Both interventions were conducted in a quiet clinical environment to minimize external stimuli. Intervention sessions were delivered by trained personnel to ensure uniformity and adherence to the protocol across participants.

Figure 2: The tell-show-do technique.

Data Collection and Assessment

  • Primary Outcome Measure: Anxiety levels were recorded using the MDAS at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-ups at one week, three months, and six months.
  • Secondary Measures:
  • Physiological markers such as heart rate variability, monitored using Mio-link wristbands
  • Behavioral indicators, including avoidance responses and willingness to undergo real dental procedures post-intervention.

Ethical Considerations

The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines and received ethical approval from an institutional review board (Approval Code: [To be provided]). 

Participants provided written informed consent and were assured of their right to withdraw at any stage without consequences.

Statistical Analysis

Data analysis was conducted using SPSS statistical software.

  • A repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to evaluate the differences in anxiety scores over time.
  • Post hoc tests (Bonferroni correction) were used to assess pairwise comparisons.
  • A p-value of <0>

3. Results

The following section presents the findings of the study, comparing the effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) and traditional tell-show-do methods in reducing dentophobia among young adults. Data are organized across multiple dimensions, including baseline anxiety levels, immediate and long-term post-intervention outcomes, physiological stress indicators, and behavioral responses. All results are derived from standardized measurement tools and statistical analyses designed to assess the short- and long-term efficacy of each intervention.

3.1 Baseline Anxiety Levels

At the start of the study, both groups exhibited moderate to severe levels of dental anxiety, as measured by the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). The initial mean MDAS scores were:

  • Group A (VRET): 15.8 ± 1.2
  • Group B (Traditional): 16.0 ± 0.9

A t-test analysis confirmed no statistically significant difference in baseline anxiety levels between the two groups (p > 0.05), ensuring comparable starting conditions for both interventions.

Additionally, baseline physiological responses were measured via heart rate variability (HRV) and galvanic skin response (GSR). HRV indicated no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05), suggesting similar autonomic nervous system activation at the study onset. Similarly, GSR readings, which measure electrodermal activity as an indicator of emotional arousal, were comparable across both groups, further supporting the uniformity of stress levels prior to intervention. Self-reported behavioral avoidance scores, collected through a pre-study questionnaire, revealed no significant difference between groups in terms of their historical dental appointment avoidance patterns (p > 0.05). Participants reported similar levels of distress associated with dental visits, reinforcing that both groups were equally affected by dentophobia at baseline. Furthermore, subjective fear assessment scores, recorded using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), confirmed similar perceived fear intensity across both groups. Participants rated their anticipated fear of dental procedures on a scale from 0 to 10, with Group A reporting an average of 8.2 ± 1.3 and Group B reporting 8.5 ± 1.1, with no significant difference (p > 0.05). This consistency across physiological, self-reported, and behavioral measures supports the validity of the intervention comparison.

3.2 Immediate Post-Intervention Anxiety Reduction

Following the intervention, both groups experienced a significant reduction in their MDAS scores:

  • Group A (VRET): 8.8 ± 1.2
  • Group B (Traditional): 8.5 ± 1.5

A repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that both interventions effectively reduced anxiety (p < 0.01). Although both groups demonstrated similar reductions in anxiety immediately after intervention (p > 0.05), the physiological data revealed an additional benefit in Group A (VRET), where lower HRV fluctuation and reduced stress indicators were observed.

Participants in Group A also reported a more comfortable and immersive experience compared to Group B, with 72% of VRET participants expressing a preference for VR-based exposure over conventional methods. Self-reported relaxation scores using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were significantly lower in Group A post-intervention (p < 0.05), suggesting that VR immersion played a role in modulating emotional responses to dental stimuli.

Figure 3 illustrates the reduction in MDAS scores for both groups across all time points. While both interventions led to significant reductions in dental anxiety immediately after treatment, the VRET group demonstrated greater long-term stability in anxiety reduction, maintaining lower MDAS scores at six months compared to the traditional method.

Figure 3: MDAS Score Reduction Over Time.

3.3 Long-Term Follow-Up Results

To evaluate the persistence of anxiety reduction, MDAS scores were recorded at one week, three months, and six months post-intervention. The following trends were observed:

One-Week Follow-Up

At one-week post-treatment, both groups maintained significantly lower anxiety levels compared to baseline. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at this time point (p > 0.05).

Three-Month Follow-Up

  • Group A (VRET): Anxiety levels remained stable (MDAS = 9.0 ± 1.3)
  • Group B (Traditional): Anxiety levels sl

Six-Month Follow-Up

At six months, a more pronounced difference between the groups emerged:

  • Group A (VRET): 9.0 ± 1.5
  • Group B (Traditional): 10.5 ± 1.7

A significant difference was detected between the groups at this time point (p >0.05), suggesting that VRET provided more sustained anxiety reduction over the long term compared to the traditional method.

Additionally, HRV measures at six months continued to show greater stress stability in Group A (VRET), supporting the long-term efficacy of VRET in maintaining a calmer autonomic nervous system response to dental stimuli.

Table 1 summarizes the progression of MDAS scores for both intervention groups across all evaluation points, highlighting the sustained effectiveness of VRET over time. As shown in Table 1, both groups experienced significant reductions in MDAS scores post-intervention. However, the VRET group demonstrated greater consistency in maintaining low anxiety levels across follow-up intervals, particularly at six months.

Time PointVRET Mean ± SDTraditional Mean ± SD
Baseline15.8 ± 1.216.0 ± 0.9
Post-Intervention8.8 ± 1.28.5 ± 1.5
1 Week9.0 ± 1.39.2 ± 1.4
3 Months9.0 ± 1.39.2 ± 1.4
6 Months9.0 ± 1.510.5 ± 1.7

Table 1: MDAS Score Summary Across Time Points for Both Groups.

Statistical analyses confirmed that both groups exhibited significant reductions in MDAS scores from baseline to immediately post-intervention (VRET: p <0.001, Traditional: p <0.001). However, the VRET group demonstrated superior retention of reduced anxiety levels at the six-month follow-up, with scores remaining statistically lower than their baseline (p = 0.002, 95% CI [5.9, 7.2], Cohen’s d = 0.65), indicating a moderate to strong effect. In contrast, the traditional group exhibited a mild regression in anxiety reduction at six months (p = 0.048, 95% CI [5.3, 6.7], Cohen’s d = 0.41), suggesting a less sustained impact over time. These results support the hypothesis that VRET is more effective in maintaining long-term reduction in dentophobia among digitally inclined individuals.

3.4 Physiological and Behavioral Indicators

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Stress Response

To objectively assess physiological stress responses, heart rate variability (HRV) measures were recorded:

  • Post-intervention HRV: Both groups exhibited a significant reduction in physiological stress markers (p <0.01), but Group 

A (VRET) maintained lower stress responses at six months, indicating superior long-term anxiety regulation. 

  • HRV fluctuation in Group B: Showed increased variability at the six-month follow-up, suggesting a partial return of dental anxiety.

Figure 4 presents the changes in heart rate variability (HRV) across all time points. While both groups exhibited a reduction in HRV post-intervention, indicating lower physiological stress, the VRET group maintained significantly lower HRV fluctuations over time. This suggests that VRET facilitated a more sustained autonomic nervous system adaptation to dental-related anxiety. 

Behavioral Avoidance and Willingness to Schedule Dental Visits

  • Behavioral markers were also analyzed to measure participants' readiness to undergo future dental procedures:
  • Willingness to schedule future dental visits:
  • Group A (VRET): 78% of participants were willing to schedule a future appointment.
  • Group B (Traditional): 64% of participants expressed willingness.

Figure 4: HRV Regulation Over Time.

Figure 5: Reduction in Behavioral Avoidance Over Time.

Figure 5 illustrates the progressive increase in participants’ willingness to schedule a dental appointment post-intervention. While both groups showed improvements, the VRET group demonstrated a more substantial long-term increase, suggesting that immersive exposure therapy may foster greater confidence and long-term engagement with dental care.

  • Avoidance behavior assessment:
  • Group A (VRET): 21% decrease in reported avoidance behaviors.
  • Group B (Traditional): 10% decrease, showing a weaker long-term effect in reducing dental avoidance.

Figure 6 presents the decline in behavioral avoidance over time for both groups. The VRET group exhibited a more substantial decrease in avoidance behaviors, with a higher percentage of participants expressing willingness to attend future dental visits, suggesting that VRET fosters greater long-term engagement with dental care.

Figure 6: Reduction in Behavioral Avoidance Over Time

3.5 Participant Satisfaction and Experience Survey

Participant feedback collected through post-intervention surveys provided additional insight into the experiential quality and subjective impact of each intervention. Results indicated that 86% of participants in the VRET group described their experience as engaging, effective, and immersive, compared to 64% in the traditional tell-show-do group, who reported the experience as helpful but less impactful.

When asked to rate their sense of control during the intervention on a scale of 1 to 10:

  • VRET group participants averaged 8.2 ± 1.1
  • Traditional group participants averaged 6.7 ± 1.4

Moreover, qualitative responses from the VRET group highlighted themes such as:

“I felt like I could face my fear without being overwhelmed.”

“It felt real enough to make me nervous at first, but I knew I was safe, and that helped me through it.”

Participants also appreciated the novelty of the VR format, with many expressing a preference for virtual exposure over conventional instruction, citing reduced discomfort and improved emotional preparedness for actual dental procedures.

These findings suggest that VRET not only reduces dentophobia quantitatively but also enhances patient satisfaction and emotional readiness, which may positively influence future dental compliance.

Table 2 presents a summary of participant-reported satisfaction and preferences, highlighting stronger experiential engagement and perceived control among VRET participants.

MeasureVRET GroupTraditional Group
Satisfaction (%)86%64%
Perceived Control (Mean ± SD)8.2 ± 1.16.7 ± 1.4
Preference for Method (%)79%55%

Table 2: Participant Satisfaction and Preferences.

Figure 7 illustrates a comparison of participant satisfaction, perceived control, and method preference between the VRET and traditional intervention groups. 

VRET participants reported higher satisfaction, a greater sense of control, and a stronger preference for the virtual method.

Figure 7: Reduction in Behavioral Avoidance Over Time

4. Discussion

The findings of this study underscore the growing relevance and potential of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) as a viable and innovative treatment for dentophobia, particularly among younger populations exhibiting high digital dependency. The results showed that both VRET and traditional tell-show-do methods were effective in reducing dental anxiety immediately after intervention. However, the sustained impact of VRET over time distinguishes it as a more robust long-term solution. The VRET group maintained consistently lower Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) scores across all follow-up intervals, including at six months post-intervention. This enduring effect supports earlier research suggesting that virtual reality can enhance cognitive-behavioral exposure therapy by enabling immersive and controlled confrontation with anxiety-inducing stimuli in a secure setting. The virtual context not only allows for graduated exposure but also offers the flexibility to tailor scenarios to individual needs, thus increasing personalization and comfort. This study’s results align with previous findings from the broader field of anxiety disorder treatment, where virtual reality has shown efficacy across various phobias, including fear of heights, flying, and public speaking. In the dental domain, the immersive nature of VR likely amplifies emotional processing and desensitization, while simultaneously offering patients a sense of agency and control, which are often compromised in real-life dental settings. These elements are particularly 

significant for digital-native populations who are not only more accustomed to virtual environments but also exhibit higher tolerance for, and comfort with, screen-based interaction. The inclusion of physiological measures, such as heart rate variability (HRV) and galvanic skin response (GSR), offers an objective layer of evidence supporting the efficacy of VRET. Participants in the VRET group showed greater reductions in sympathetic nervous system activity post-intervention, and these effects persisted at follow-up assessments. This suggests that the therapy induced deeper physiological adaptation and resilience to anxiety triggers. These findings are important because they indicate that VRET may not only alleviate subjective fear but also regulate the body’s stress response system more effectively than traditional methods. Behavioral indicators further reinforce the superiority of VRET in fostering long-term improvements. Willingness to schedule future dental appointments was markedly higher in the VRET group, accompanied by a significant reduction in reported avoidance behaviors. This highlights the practical relevance of VRET beyond clinical settings, as improved compliance with dental care can lead to better long-term oral health outcomes. High participant satisfaction, increased perceived control, and strong preferences for the VR format add another layer of validation, indicating the intervention’s acceptability and feasibility for broader implementation. The traditional tell-show-do method, while still effective, showed a gradual decline in efficacy over time, as indicated by the slight increase in anxiety scores and reduced physiological regulation. This suggests that while traditional methods provide initial relief, they may lack the immersive and emotionally engaging qualities that promote sustained behavioral change. As digital technology becomes increasingly integrated into healthcare, traditional techniques may benefit from enhancement or supplementation with virtual modalities. From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the understanding of how internet dependency and digital fluency can be positively harnessed in therapeutic contexts. While internet addiction has typically been associated with negative mental health outcomes, this research illustrates that familiarity with digital platforms can be leveraged for psychological benefit when appropriately guided. This opens a new avenue for exploring the dual nature of technology in mental health—both as a risk and a resource. Nonetheless, several limitations must be acknowledged. The sample was limited to young adults, which may restrict the generalizability of the results to other age groups, particularly older adults or individuals with limited technological proficiency. The fixed exposure duration and lack of variation in virtual scenarios also limit our understanding of optimal dosing and customization. Future research should consider expanding demographic diversity and experimenting with adaptive VR systems that respond to real-time user feedback. Additionally, although physiological markers were included, neurobiological and cognitive-behavioral mechanisms underlying the therapeutic changes warrant deeper investigation.

Future Research Directions

Future studies should aim to:

  • Investigate VRET’s applicability across diverse populations, including older adults and those with low digital literacy.
  • Explore cross-cultural factors influencing acceptance and effectiveness of virtual interventions in dental care.
  • Integrate adaptive algorithms and real-time biometric feedback into VRET systems to enhance personalization.
  • Compare the cost-effectiveness and scalability of VRET against other anxiety-reducing interventions.
  • Examine the integration of VRET into routine dental practice and its acceptance by dental professionals.

5. Conclusions

In conclusion, this study validates Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy as a forward-thinking and effective tool for managing dentophobia. The combination of immersive engagement, emotional regulation, and positive behavioral outcomes positions VRET as a promising intervention, particularly suited for younger, digitally integrated populations. As digital therapeutics continue to evolve, VRET stands as a prime example of how psychological treatment can be modernized to meet the needs and expectations of 21st-century patients.

Funding: This research received no external funding. 

Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee of County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Brăila (protocol code 303 from 10 January 2022). 

Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

Data Availability Statement: Datasets used in this study are available upon request.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

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Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

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Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

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George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

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Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

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Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

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Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

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Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

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Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

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Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

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Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

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Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

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Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

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Dr Susan Weiner

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Lin-Show Chin

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

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Sonila Qirko

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

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Luiz Sellmann

I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.

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Zhao Jia

Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."

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Thomas Urban

I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Cristina Berriozabal

To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.

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Dr Tewodros Kassahun Tarekegn

"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".

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Dr Shweta Tiwari

I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.

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Dr Farooq Wandroo

Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.

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Dr Anyuta Ivanova

We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.

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Dr David Vinyes

My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.

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Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt

To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina

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Dr Elvira Farina

Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.

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Dr Oleg Golyanovski

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.

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Dr Susan Anne Smith

Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.

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Dr Farahnaz Fallahian

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.

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Dr Victor Olagundoye

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.

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Dr Susan Anne Smith

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD

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Dr Eric S Nussbaum

Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.

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Hala Al Shaikh

Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.

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Dr Rakhi Mishra

Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. The peer review process of the journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions was excellent and fast, as was the support of the editorial office and the quality of the journal. Kind regards Walter F. Riesen Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter F. Riesen.

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Dr Walter F Riesen

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. Thank you for publishing our article, Exploring Clozapine's Efficacy in Managing Aggression: A Multiple Single-Case Study in Forensic Psychiatry in the international journal of clinical case reports and reviews. We found the peer review process very professional and efficient. The comments were constructive, and the whole process was efficient. On behalf of the co-authors, I would like to thank you for publishing this article. With regards, Dr. Jelle R. Lettinga.

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Dr Jelle Lettinga

Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, I would like to express my deep admiration for the exceptional professionalism demonstrated by your journal. I am thoroughly impressed by the speed of the editorial process, the substantive and insightful reviews, and the meticulous preparation of the manuscript for publication. Additionally, I greatly appreciate the courteous and immediate responses from your editorial office to all my inquiries. Best Regards, Dariusz Ziora

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Dariusz Ziora

Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Auctores Publishing LLC, We would like to thank the editorial team for the smooth and high-quality communication leading up to the publication of our article in the Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. The reviewers have extensive knowledge in the field, and their relevant questions helped to add value to our publication. Kind regards, Dr. Ravi Shrivastava.

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Dr Ravi Shrivastava

Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, Auctores Publishing LLC, USA Office: +1-(302)-520-2644. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the efficient and professional handling of my case report by the ‘Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies’. The peer review process was not only fast but also highly constructive—the reviewers’ comments were clear, relevant, and greatly helped me improve the quality and clarity of my manuscript. I also received excellent support from the editorial office throughout the process. Communication was smooth and timely, and I felt well guided at every stage, from submission to publication. The overall quality and rigor of the journal are truly commendable. I am pleased to have published my work with Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, and I look forward to future opportunities for collaboration. Sincerely, Aline Tollet, UCLouvain.

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Dr Aline Tollet