[email protected]
+1-(302)-520-2644
+1-(302)-520-2644

Optimal Organic Working Fluid for the Rankine Cycle Operating by Parabolic Trough Solar Collector

  1. Home
  2. Journals
  3. International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews
  4. Archives
Submit Guidelines

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/649

Optimal Organic Working Fluid for the Rankine Cycle Operating by Parabolic Trough Solar Collector

  • Ahmed S. Hassan

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, P. O. Box 706, Jazan 45142, KSA.

*Corresponding Author: Ahmed S. Hassan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, P. O. Box 706, Jazan 45142, KSA.

Citation: Ahmed S. Hassan, (2005), Optimal Organic Working Fluid for the Rankine Cycle Operating by Parabolic Trough Solar Collector, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, 24(1); DOI:10.31579/2690-4861/649

Copyright: © 2025, Ahmed S. Hassan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: 11 December 2024 | Accepted: 03 January 2025 | Published: 04 March 2025

Keywords: vacuum tube; parabolic trough; solar collector; evaporator; organic fluids; organic rankine cycle

Abstract

This paper investigates finding the best working fluid to improve the giving of the solar organic Rankine cycle. A parabolic trough solar complex was designed to focus the sun rays on a vicious cylinder to produce sufficient steam to operate the ORC. The steam is collected in an isolated tank filled with molten salt called an evaporator. The heat gained in this evaporator is transferred to feed the power generation turbine. Ten different working fluids of R123, R143a, R433A, R290, R40, R22, R600a, R601, RC318 and R1270 were tested at a boiling temperature from 100°C to 360°C. The results showed that using R601 as a working fluid for ORC gave the highest thermal efficiency compared to other organic liquids tested at temperatures from 180 to 330 °C. R601 gives a gain in cycle thermal efficiency by about 24.6% relative using R600a. While R 290 gave an improvement in the power produced by the turbine estimated at 10% higher than that used at higher temperatures above 240° C.

1.Introduction

Increasing the Rankine cycle's efficiency requires using an aqueous working fluid with high energy sources [1- 4].  But if the cycle uses organic matter as a working fluid, it is called the organic Rankine cycle and works at low energy sources of solar heat or waste heat [5-12]. This cycle is simple in construction, easy tomaintain, and highly reliable [13-21]. Delgado and Garcia [22], carried out a theoretical analysis of ORC coupled to solar collectors for desalination applications. Quilon et al. [23] analyze an ORC powered by a solar capacitor. Mahmoudi et al. [24] studied the effect of system performance by changing the operating fluid. Villarini et al. [25], reviewed some ORC applications powered by solar thermal energy. ORC is applied in cogeneration plants,industrial processes, fermentation of organic products,cement kilns, flue gas condensation, gas turbines exhaust gases, and power cycle condensers [26-37]. Although ORC is appropriate for medium/low-temperature heat sources, reliable,and less complex than water Rankine cycles [38, 39]. Lee [40] stated that ORCs are an excellent technology for producing electricity from low and medium-temperature sources. The theoretical basis for ORCs has been described by [41, 42], Yang et al. [43], and Geville et al. [44] made comparisons to determine the difference between using water as a working fluid in the traditional thermal cycles and organic liquids with organic. They concluded that the organic working fluids evaporate at low temperatures, and thus it is possible to take advantage of the thermal energy wasted in factories and solar energy. Also, choosing the operating liquid is significant in improving the efficiency of ORCs [45-49].Simulation of ORCs requires a numerical analysis in which mass-energy balance equations, heat transfer, pressure drop, and thermodynamic properties of organic liquids are implemented [50–57].

2.Components and alternative of ORC workingfluids

The components of the ORC system (Fig. 1) are a parabolic solar collector with a length of 11.8 m, central length of 2.6 m, edge angle of 85 degrees, hollow cylinder diameter of 7 cm, and automatic orientation. The ORC scheme consists of two closed loops. The first loop captures the energy of solar radiation through the parabolic trough and transfers it to the organic working fluid in a heat exchanger. The second loop consists of a heat exchanger (evaporator), that interacts with the ORC loop and a pump to move the working fluid to the turbine. Molten salt at a concentration of 1% AG was used as an effective nanomaterial to increase the efficiency of heat absorption and storage that powers the organic Rankine cycle even in the absence of sunlight. The solar system is designed based on the location of Jazan city, KSA, and all-weather information of the temperatures. And to obtain the highestthermal energy, the values of the temperature between 15oC to 37oC

Figure 1: system layout


Table 1: Organic fluidsgeneral properties

4.Data calibration and calculation of transmission characteristics

NET, J2EE, COM platform, dynamic link library(DLL), static linking,and application program interface were used in thisresearch. According to Fig.1, energybalances for apiece component of the ORC scheme is:

5. Results and discussion

Figures 2 - 5 show that ORC output power and thermal efficiency increase with an increase in the temperature of the action liquid. The organic Rankine cycle gives different thermal consistent efficiencies with the various fluids. High powerwhen using the working fluids of R601, R290, RcQ318, R1270, and R433, while lower output powers when using R123, R22, R40, R143, and R433. Some fluids work at low temperatures, such as R123, and some work at temperatures higher than 180 OC, such as R601, and some work at all temperatures, such as R290 and R143. The cycle gives the highest thermal efficiency and output power with the workingfluid R601 and R290 concerning other liquids at different evaporator pressures and temperatures. It is clear from Fig. 9, which shows the effect of increasing the pressure of the liquid entering the turbine on the performance of the cycle with different working organic fluids. That is, the working fluid of R601 gives the highest thermal efficiency at different temperatures and steam pressures entering the turbine. The results indicate that using ORC to the working fluid of R601 gives the highest performance at different temperatures and steam pressuresentering the turbine comparedto all other fluids.

Figure 2: Effect of evaporator temperature on ORC output power atPi =2 MPa

Figure 3: Effect of evaporator temperature on ORC output power atPi =3 MPa

Figure 4: Effect of evaporator temperature on ORC efficiency, at Pi =2 MPa

Figure 5: Effect of evaporator temperature on ORC efficiency at Pi =3 MPa

Figure 6: Effect of turbine inlet pressure on the enthalpygeneration

Conclusion

Because of the high air temperature and environmental pollution, researchers have tended to use solar energy to power the organic Rankine cycle. Parabolic solar collector, molten salt (at 1% Ag) is designed and stored in a heat exchanger for ORC operation. ORC system performance was evaluated by calculating netoutput power, thermal efficiency, and evaporator temperature. Various organic liquids R123, R143a, R433a, R433a, R290, R40, R22, R600a, R601 (n-pentane), Rc318 and R1270 were tested at boiling temperature from 100 to 360 °C. RC.

The results showed that ORC using R601 gave the highest thermal performance compared to other organic liquidsand an improvement of about 24% in the thermalefficiency of ORC. The lowest ORC performance when using R22. The higher the boiling point of the ORC's working fluid, the higher the overall thermal efficiency of the system. Significant improvement in ORC efficiency as the pressure and temperature of the fluid entering the turbine increases and decreases at the outlet. It is not necessary that the fluid that gives the highest output power from the turbine should be given the organic Rankine cycle with the highest thermal efficiency and that this fluid is the best.

References

  1. Ahmed H., and Al-Shahrany A, (2023). “Experimental and Theoretical Study to Increase the Solar-Organic Rankine Cycle Efficiency”, Yanbu J. of Eng. and Sc., ISSUE 1, YJES. 2023;20(1):11-19, Vol. 20, doi:10.53370/001c.68043.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  2. Chin-Tai C., and Hao-Hong Y. (2024). “Solar concentrators filled with liquid for enhancement of photocurrent generation and angular responses of light incidence”, Elsevier, science direct, Solar Energy, Vol. 267, 1, 112257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2023.112257.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  3. Charise C., Tonio, L., and Daniel B., March. (2023). “Thermodynamic Optimization of Subcritical and Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle Power Plants for Waste Heat Recovery in Marine Vessels”, ASME, J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. March 2023, 15(3): 031001. doi: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056247.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  4. Borunda M, Jaramillo OA, Dorantes R, and Reyes A. (2016). “Organic Rankine Cycle coupling with a Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plant for cogeneration and industrial processes”, Renewable Energy, 2016, 86, 651-663.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  5. Alnujaie A, Mofareh G., and Ahmed H. (2022). “Influence of operating conditions on the performance of the solar tower-powered organic Rankine cycle”, (JUSEJ), 9(1), 17-28, 2022, https://www.ju.edu.sa/en/jouf-university-science-and-engineering-journal-jusej/home/.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  6. Mauro A., Santanu B., and David E. (2022). “Techno-Economic Optimization of a Low-Temperature Organic Rankine”, System Driven by Multiple Heat Sources”, https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2022.889258.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  7. Mahmoud M., Alkhedher M., Ramadan M., Naher S., and Pullen K. (2022). “An investigation on organic Rankine cycle incorporating a ground cooled condenser: Working fluid selection and regeneration”, Energy 249, 123742, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123742.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  8. Loni R., Najafi G., Bellos E., Rajaee F., Said Z., and Mazlan M. (2021). “A review of industrial waste heat recovery system for power generation with Organic Rankine Cycle”, recent ch. and future outlook, J. of Cleaner Prod., 125070.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  9. Rania Z., Amine A., Abdelmajid J., and Khadija L. (2021). “A comparative study and sensitivity analysis of different ORC configurations for waste heat recovery”, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, Vol. 28, 101608, Dec. 2021.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  10. Wang J., Yan Z., Wang M., Ma S., and Dai Y. (2013). “Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of an (organic Rankine cycle) ORC using low grade heat source”, Energy 49 (1), 356–365.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  11. Dai Y., Shi L, Qian Z. (2019). “Review of the working fluid thermal stability for organic Rankine cycles”, Journal of Thermal Science. 28:597-607. DOI: 10.1007/s11630-019-1119-3.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  12. Liu Q, Duan Y. (2013). “Cogeneration system coupled with a back pressure steam turbine unit and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC)”, Proceedings of the CSEE. 33(23):29-35. DOI: 10.13334/j.0258- 8013.pcsee.2013.23.014.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  13. Rania Z., Amine A., Abdelmajid J., and Khadija L. (2021). “A comparative study and sensitivity analysis of different ORC configurations for waste heat recovery”, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.101608, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 28 (2021) 101608.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  14. Bellos E., and Tzivanidis C. (2017). “Investigation of a hybrid ORC driven by waste heat and solar energy”, Energy Convers. Manag. 156 (2018) 427–439.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  15. Daniarta S., and Kolasiński P. (2022). “A Comparative Study of Cooling Sources in Organic Rankine Cycle for Low-Temperature Geothermal Heat Sources”, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1014, doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1014/1/012008.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  16. Jouhara H., and Olabi G. (2018). “Editorial: industrial waste heat recovery”, Energy 160, 1–2.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  17. Zhar R., Allouhi A., Jamil A., and Lahrech K. (2021). “Parametric analysis and multi-objective optimization of a combined organic Rankine cycle and vapor compression cycle”, Sustain, Engy Technol, Assessments 47, 101401.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  18. Yadav K., and Sircar A. (2019). “Selection of working fluid for low enthalpy heat source Organic Rankine Cycle in Dholera”, Gujarat, India, Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 16, 100553.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  19. Wang X., Liu X., and Zhang C. (2014). “Parametric optimization and range analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle for binary-cycle geothermal plant”, Energy Convers. Manag. 80, 256–265.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  20. Wang S., Liu C., Li Q., Liu L., Huo E. (2020). “Selection principle of working fluid for organic Rankine cycle based on environmental benefits and economic performance”, Appl. Therm. Eng. 178, 115598.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  21. Kong R., Deethayat T., Asanakham A., and Kiatsiriroat T., (2019). “Thermodynamic performance analysis of a R245fa, ORC with different kinds of heat sources at Evap.”, Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 13, 100385.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  22. Delgado-Torres M., and García-Rodríguez L. (2010). “Analysis and optimization of the low-temperature solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC)”, Energy Conversion and Management, 51(12), 2846-2856.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  23. Quoilin S., Orosz M., Hemond H, and Lemort V. (2014).” Performance and design optimization of a low- cost solar organic Rankine cycle for remote power generation”, Solar Energy, 85(5), 955-966.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  24. Mahmoudi A., Fazli M., Morad R. (2018). “A recent review of waste heat recovery by Organic Rankine Cycle”, Appl. Therm. Eng. 143, 660–675.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  25. Villarini M, Bocci E, Moneti M, Di Carlo A, and Micangeli A. (2014). “State of art of small scale solar powered ORC systems: A review of the different typologies and technology perspectives, Energy Procedia, 45, 257-267.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  26. Khaljani M., Khoshbakhti R., and Bahlouli K. (2015). “Comprehensive analysis of energy, exergy and exergo-economic of cogeneration of heat and power in a combined GT and ORC”, Energy Convers. Manag. 97, 154–165
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  27. Pethurajan V., Sivan S., and Joy C. (2018). “Issues, comparisons, turbine selections and applications - an overview in organic Rankine cycle”, Energy Convers, Manag. 166, 474-488.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  28. Braimakis K., Karellas S. (2018). “Energetic optimization of regenerative organic Rankine cycle (ORC) configurations”, Energy Convers. Manag. 159, 353–370.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  29. Yagli H., Koc Y., Kose O., Koç A., Yumrutas R. (2021). “Optimisation of simple and regenerative organic Rankine cycles using jacket water of an internal combustion engine fuelled with biogas produced from agricultural waste, Process Saf. Environ. Protect. 155, 17–31.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  30. Hemadri B., Subbarao V. (2021). “Thermal integration of reheated organic Rankine cycle (RH- ORC) with gas turbine exhaust for maximum power recovery”, Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog. 23, 100876.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  31. Feng Y. (2020). “Experimental comparison of the performance of basic and regenerative organic Rankine cycles”, Energy Convers. Manag. 223, 113459.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  32. Anvari S., Jafarmadar S., Khalilarya S. (2016). “Proposal of a combined heat and power plant hybridized with regeneration organic Rankine cycle”, Energy-Exergy evaluation, Energy Cons. Manag. 122, 357-365.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  33. Tian Z., Gan W., Qi Z., Tian M., and Gao W. (2022). “Experimental study of organic Rankine cycle with three-fluid recuperator for cryogenic cold energy recovery”, J. Energy, 242, 122550.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  34. Gevel T., Zhuk S., Leonova A., Leonova A., Trofimov A. (2021). “Elec. Synthesis of Nano-Sized Silicon from KCl–K2SiF6 Melts for Powerful Lithium-Ion Batteries”, J. Appl. Sci., 11, 10927.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  35. Loni R., Mahian O., Markides C., Bellos E., Kasaeian A. (2021). “A review of solar-driven organic Rankine cycles: Recent challenges and future outlook”, J. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 150, 111410.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  36. Loni R., Mahian O., Najafi G., Sahin Z., Rajaee F. (2021). “A critical review of power generation using geothermal-driven organic Rankine cycle”, J. Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog. 25, 101028.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  37. Liu X., Niu J., Wang J., Zhang H., and Dong L. (2021). “Coupling mechanism of double-stage ORC based on hot dry rock utilization”, Case Stud. J. Therm. Eng., 28, 101619.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  38. Li G. (2016). “Organic Rankine cycle performance evaluation and Thermoeconomic assessment with various applications part I: energy and exergy performance evaluation”, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 53, 477–499.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  39. Mago J., Chamra M., Srinivasan K., Somayaji C. (2008). “An examination of regenerative organic Rankine cycles using dry fluids”, Vol. 28, pp. 998-1007.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  40. Liu T., Chien H., and Wang C. (2014). “Effect of working fluids on organic Rankine cycle for waste heat recovery”, J. of Energy, 29, pp.1207-1217.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  41. He S., Chang H., and Zhang X, (2015). “Working fluid selection for an organic Rankine cycle utilizing high and low temperature energy of an LNG engine”, App. Therm. Eng., 90, pp. 579 - 589.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  42. Vieira da Cunha A., and Lamarca Santos S. (2020). “Analysis of R134a Organic Regenerative Cycle”, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  43. Yang M., Wang Z., Yang J., Yuan G., Wang W. (2022). “Thermo-economic analysis of solar heating plant with the seasonal thermal storage in Northern China”, J. Sol. Energy, 232, 212–231.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  44. Gevel T., Zhuk S., Leonova A., Leonova A., Trofimov A. (2021). “Electrochemical Synthesis of Nano-Sized Silicon from KCl–K2SiF6 Melts for Powerful Lithium-Ion Batteries”, J. Appl. Sci., 11, 10927.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  45. Samia A., (2021). “Numerical Analysis of Single Tank Thermocline Thermal Storage System for Concentrated Solar Power Plant”, MSc. Theses, Dept. of Mech. Eng., Texas Unv., https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/2021.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  46. Behar O., Sbarbaro D., and Morán L. (2020). “A Practical Methodology for the Design and Cost Estimation of Solar Tower Power Plants”, Sustainability,12, 8708; doi:10.3390/su12208708, www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  47. Sen O., and Yilmaz C. (2022). “Thermoeconomic analysis of a geothermal and solar assisted combined organic Rankine and absorption cycle”, Int. Advanced Researches and Engineering J. 06(01): 034-042.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  48. Faye K., Thiam A., and Faye M. (2021). “Optimum Height and Tilt Angle of the Solar Receiver for a 30kWe Solar Tower Power Plant for the Electricity Production in the Sahelian Zone”, Int. J. of Photoenergy, Vol. 2021, Article ID 1961134, 14 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1961134.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  49. Yan J., Jia W., Li K., Yu H., and Guo X. (2021). “Energy analysis of cyclic parameters of organic Rankine cycle system”, Int. J. of Low-Carbon Technologies 16, 341–350.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  50. Sanchez E., Ordonez A., Sánchez A., Garcia R., and Parra-Dominguez J. (2021). “Exploring the Benefits of Photovoltaic Non-Optimal Orientations in Buildings”, J. Appl. Sci. 11, 9954.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  51. Sarkar J., and Bhattacharyya S. (2015). “Bhattacharyya Potential of organic Rankine cycle technology in India working fluid selection and feasibility study”, J. Energy; 90, pp.1618 – 1625.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  52. Jacek K., (2017). “Performance improvement of distributed combined cycle plants through modification of structure”, Science direct, Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the IV International Seminar on ORC Power Systems. 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.173.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  53. Marcia L., Eric W., Ian H., and Mark O. (2022). “The NIST REFPROP Database for Highly Accurate Properties of Industrially Important Fluids”, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01427, ACS., Eng. Ch. 61, 42, 15449–15472,
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  54. Sylvain Quoilin V. (2013). “Quoilin et al. Retrieved from Techno-economic survey of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems”, http://orbi.ulg.be/bitstream/2268/138756/1/1-s2.0-S1364032113000592-main.pdf.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  55. Fang Y., Yang F., Zhang H. (2019). “Comparative analysis and multi-objective optimization of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) using pure working fluids and their zeotropic mixtures for diesel engine waste heat recovery”, Appl. Therm. Eng. 157 (2019) 113704, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.04.114.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  56. Magro-Dal F., Jimenez-Arreola M., Romagnoli A. (2017). “Improving energy recovery efficiency by retrofitting a PCM-based technology to an ORC system operating under thermal power fluctuations”, Appl. Energy 208, 972-985, http: //dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.09.054.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  57. Oyekale J., Heberle F., Petrollese M., Brüggemann D., Cau G. (2019). “Biomass retrofit for existing solar organic Rankine cycle power plants: Conceptual hybridization strategy and techno-economic assessment”, Energy Convers, manage. 196 (2019) 831–845, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.06.064.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  58. Piotr K., Jan. (2020). “The Method of the Working Fluid Selection for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Systems Employing Volumetric Expanders”, MDPI, Energies 2020, 13, 573; doi:10.3390/en13030573.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  59. Tian Z., Gan W., Qi Z., Tian M., and Gao W. (2022). “Experimental study of organic Rankine cycle with three-fluid recuperator for cryogenic cold energy recovery”, J. Energy, 242, 122550.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  60. Liu X., Niu J., Wang J., Zhang H., and Dong L. (2021) “Coupling mechanism of double-stage ORC based on hot dry rock utilization”, Case Stud. J. Therm. Eng., 28, 101619.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  61. Soulis X., Manolakos D, Ntavou E., Kosmadakis G. (2022). “A geospatial analysis approach for the operational assessment of solar ORC systems, Case study: Performance evaluation of a two-stage solar ORC engine in Greece”, J. Renew. Energy, 181, 116–128.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  62. Bellos E., Lykas P., and Tzivanidis C. (2022). “Pumped Thermal Energy Storage System for Trigeneration: The Concept of Power to XYZ”, J. Appl. Sci., 12, 970.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  63. Nishith B., and Haglind F. (2020). “Concentrated Solar Energy Driven Multi-Generation Systems Based on the Organic Rankine Cycle Technology”, https://tandfbis.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/rt- files/docs/Open+Access+Chapters /9780367198428oachapter19.pdf.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  64. Bellos E., Lykas P., and Tzivanidis C. (2022). “Investigation of a Solar-Driven Organic Rankine Cycle with Reheating”, MDPI, J. Appl. Sci., 12, 2322. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12052322.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  65. Pinerez P., Ochoa V., and Duarte-Forero J. (2021). “Energy, exergy, and environmental assessment of a small-scale solar organic Rankine cycle using different organic fluids”, J. Heliyon, 7, e07947.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  66. Georgousis N., Lykas P., Bellos E., and Tzivanidis C. (2022). “Multi-objective optimization of a solar- driven polygeneration system based on CO2 working fluid”, J. Energy Convers, Manag., 252, 115136.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  67. Guangli F., Yingjie G., Hamdi A., Riadh M., Yashar A., Fahd J., and Peixi G. (2021). “Energy and exergy and economic (3E) analysis of a two-stage organic Rankine cycle for single flash geothermal power plant exhaust exergy recovery”, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 28, 101554.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  68. Dragomir D., Saghebianb S., and Kurchaniac A. (2020). “The Influence of Condensing Temperature on the Efficiency of Solar Power Systems with ORC”, Procedia Manufacturing46, 35 9–363.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  69. Mahmoud M., Alkhedher M., Ramadan M., Naher S., and Pullen K. (2022). “An investigation on organic Rankine cycle incorporating a ground cooled condenser: Working fluid selection and regeneration”, Energy 249, 123742, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123742.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  70. Shaikh W., Wadegaonkar A., Kedare S., and Bose M. (2018). “Numerical simulation of single media thermocline-based storage system”, Solar Energy, 174, 207-217.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  71. Mattia C., Walter G., Raffaele L., Valeria R., and Roberto Z. (2023). “CFD modelling of an indirect thermocline energy storage prototype for CSP applications”, Solar Energy, Volume 259, July, Pages 86-98.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  72. Weather
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar

Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.

img

Virginia E. Koenig

Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.

img

Delcio G Silva Junior

Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.

img

Ziemlé Clément Méda

Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.

img

Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy

We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.

img

Layla Shojaie

The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.

img

Sing-yung Wu

Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.

img

Orlando Villarreal

Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.

img

Katarzyna Byczkowska

Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.

img

Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.

img

Pedro Marques Gomes

Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.

img

Bernard Terkimbi Utoo

This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.

img

Prof Sherif W Mansour

Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.

img

Hao Jiang

As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.

img

Dr Shiming Tang

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.

img

Raed Mualem

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.

img

Andreas Filippaios

Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

img

Dr Suramya Dhamija

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

img

Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

img

Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

img

Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

img

Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

img

Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

img

Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

img

Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

img

S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

img

Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

img

George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

img

Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

img

Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

img

Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

img

Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

img

Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

img

Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

img

Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

img

Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

img

Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

img

Dr Susan Weiner

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

img

Lin-Show Chin

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

img

Sonila Qirko

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

img

Luiz Sellmann

I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.

img

Zhao Jia

Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."

img

Thomas Urban

I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

img

Cristina Berriozabal

To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.

img

Dr Tewodros Kassahun Tarekegn

"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".

img

Dr Shweta Tiwari

I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.

img

Dr Farooq Wandroo

Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.

img

Dr Anyuta Ivanova

We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.

img

Dr David Vinyes

My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.

img

Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt

To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina

img

Dr Elvira Farina