AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Chat with us
Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/202
1Department of School of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia,
2Department of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia,
3Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wachamo University, Ethiopia,
*Corresponding Author: Eshetu Elfios
Citation: Citation: Eshetu Elfios, Israel Asale, Kidist Ashager, Getachew Nigussie, Ayele Agena, et al, (2024), Level of Health Literacy and Associated Factors among Adult Admitted Patients at Public Hospitals in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2023, J. Women Health Care and Issues, 7(4); DOI:10.31579/2642-9756/202
Copyright: Copyright: © 2024, Eshetu Elfios. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 16 April 2024 | Accepted: 27 April 2024 | Published: 07 May 2024
Keywords: potassium permanganate; clandestine abortion; necrotic lesion; maternal mortality; unsafe abortion
Background: Health literacy is an individuals' ability to access, process, and utilize knowledge to make informed decisions about their health. While hospitalizations often result from an interplay of complex factors, addressing patients' health literacy can offer a promising avenue for reducing unnecessary admissions. With this in mind, our study sought to investigate the prevalence of limited health literacy and its contributing factors among adult patients admitted to public hospitals in the Wolaita zone of South Ethiopia.
Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult admitted patients at public hospitals of Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia. An interviewer-administered Health Literacy Questionnaire tool assessed patients’ health literacy. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Windows version 25. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship of each independent variable with the dependent variable. All variables with a p-value below 0.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the association between the set of independent variables and the dependent variable.
Results: A total of 473 respondents participated in this study. The majority of the participants were males 260 (54.9%) and 177(36.1%) had a diploma and above. The prevalence of Limited Health Literacy was 64%. Those respondents who were not able to read and write were 4 times more likely to have limited health literacy (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 2.16, 7.72) compared to those who are above grade 12 (tertiary). Rural residents were 2 times more likely to have limited health literacy (AOR = 2, 95 %CI: 1.250, 2.897). Female participants were likely to have limited health literacy (AOR 2.62 95% CI: 1.412, 3.952) and those who didn’t found medical information via the internet/television (AOR =2.25, CI: 1.31, 3.88) had 2 times likely to have limited Health Literacy.
Conclusion and Recommendation: The prevalence of Limited Health Literacy was 64% and education, rural residency, female gender and finding medical information via the internet/television are significant factors. Concerned stakeholders especially health policy makers should implement strategies to improve the level of health literacy.
Providing safe, equitable and accessible healthcare is an ongoing challenge for all healthcare providers. Pressure from an aging population, an increase in chronic and preventable diseases, rising healthcare costs and labor shortages, and changing community expectations, growing, hospitals are under unprecedented pressure [1-4] A constant challenge for hospitals is managing admissions for potentially avoidable symptoms, whether or not they were treated outside the hospital. Although the reasons for hospitalization are complex and multifactorial, addressing the health literacy needs of patients can be a potential strategy to reduce avoidable hospitalizations [5]
Health literacy (HL) is the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand and utilize information to improve and maintain health [6]. Health literacy is a multifaceted concept that encompasses all aspects of individuals capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions [7-9].
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition: HL is the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, aware and use information in ways which improve and maintain health [10]. Health literacy is the achievement of a level of knowledge, skills and confidence to take action by improving people’s access to health information, and their capacity to use it effectively [9,11]
An adequate level of health literacy is important to an individual in that it helps them to take responsibility for their own health as well as their family health and community healt [12]. Individuals with limited health literacy face difficulties in understanding items that affect disease treatment such as realizing educational materials, reading appointment and medication labels [13], and may also face challenges when communicate with health care professionals [14]. Other international studies have shown that limited health literacy affects large parts of the population [15,17]
Although it is important for improved health status, individuals with Limited Health literacy are common. A large-Scale Danish survey on health literacy shows that between 8.8% and 20.2% of the entire population find tasks related to understanding health information or engaging with healthcare providers difficult [18]. According to a national survey conducted in United States of America, more than 33% of Americans had Limited Health literacy, and According to the European Health Literacy Survey conducted over eight countries shows that 35% of respondents had Limited Health Literacy, while about 30% of adults in Taiwan had limited Health Literacy [19,20]
Individuals with Limited health literacy were about 3 times more at risk to experience adverse health outcomes [21]. The cost associated with Limited Health Literacy is tremendous, and accounts about 5% of the entire health care cost per annum [22]. Moreover, patients with limited health literacy are at greater risk for poor care and outcomes including lack of awareness about disease, poor personal care, increased hospital admissions, and increased death risk [14,23-25].
According to several research findings, patient sociodemographics and disease features influence the degree of health literacy. In order to increase medication adherence, various patient empowerment initiatives and strategies would be necessary. As a result, healthcare professionals should evaluate their patients' health literacy level and provide information and support that is appropriate for their patients' level of health literacy as well as their personal circumstance [26-28].
Globally, health literacy has been recognized as an essential issue in health research in the past decades. However, given the heavy burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases on Ethiopia, as a developing country, information on the level of health literacy is still lacking. Previous study conducted didn’t address clinical characteristics including: number of medical illnesses, family history of medical illness, family members with medical training, accompanied by family to the clinic, and finding medical information on the television or internet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the prevalence of limited health literacy and its associated factors among adult admitted patient at public hospitals in Wolaita Sodo zone, Southern Ethiopia.
Study design and setting
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 24 up to May 25, 2023, at public Hospitals in the Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia. Wolaita zonal administration is 380km away from Addis Ababa, which is the capital city of Ethiopia. The annual report for 2020 shows that the Wolaita Zone health department has six administrative towns and 16 woredas with total population of 5,385,782 with an area of 451,170.7 hectares (1,741.980 sq mi)(29). In Wolaita Zone during the study period, there are 6 public hospitals; Wolaita Sodo university referral and teaching hospital (WSUTRH), Bodity Primary Hospital, Gasuba Primary Hospital, Bitana Primary Hospital, Bale Primary Hospital, and Bombe primary hospital. The net sample of 493 was recruited using a proportionate sampling method to each hospital.
Data collection procedure and measurements
Data collection methods included interviewer-administered standardized questionnaires. Before actual data collection, the study instruments were pretested and adjusted accordingly. The data collection instrument consists three sections: Sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, and Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ)(30). The HLQ contents were contextualized to Ethiopian patients.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics collected included the participants’ age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, number of medical illnesses, family history of medical illness, family members with medical training, accompanied by family to the clinic, finding medical information on the television or internet, and limitations on activities. The contents of HLQ comprised of five areas; Having sufficient information to manage my health, ability to good health information, understanding health information well enough to know what to do considered as functional health literacy; ability to actively engage with health care providers considered as communicative or interactive health literacy; and appraisal of health information considered as critical health literacy.
According to HLQ the participants were asked to what extent they agree with the statements: understanding health information well enough to know what to do and having sufficient information to manage my health. Accordingly, responded as 1= strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree, and 4 = strongly agree. Participants responded for ability to actively engage with health care providers, appraisal of health information, and ability to good health information as 1 = cannot do, 2 = very difficult, 3 = quite difficult, 4 = quite easy, and 5 = very easy. As it was normal data distribution, the cut-offs to define “adequate health literacy” was determined considering those patients who scored mean and above mean and otherwise as “limited health literacy” [31].
The collected data were entered to Epi-Data Manager version 3.1, checked and coded, and then exported into Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, and crosstabs were applied to summarize data. Binary logistic regression was done to determine the relationship of each independent variable with the dependent variable. All variables with a p-value below 0.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the association between a set of independent variables with the dependent variable using a stepwise backward method [32]. The significance was checked using a p-value of 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. The strength of association was interpreted by using an adjusted odds ratio.
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Respondents
From the total 493 samples, 473 of them participated with a response rate of 96%. Out of 473 participants, 266 [55.8%] were males and 170[44.2%] were females. The age range of the patients was from 25 to 89 years with the mean age of the respondents was 54 [SD+12.95]. Out of all respondents, 185[36.1%] had a diploma and above followed by149 [29%] who attended secondary education (Table 1).
Table 1: Socio demographic characteristics of patients admitted in hospitals in Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia, March 24 up to May 25, 2023. (n=473)
Clinical characteristics of Respondents
From the total 473 respondents, 312 [66%] respondents didn’t find medical information on the television or internet and majority [86%] of respondents do not have family members with medical training (Table 2).
Health Literacy of Respondents
From all 473 respondents, the magnitude of the limited health literacy was 64%. Mostly limited health literacy among health literacy question was understands of health information well enough to know what to do(Table 3).
| HL Questions | Mean | SD | Health | Literacy |
| Limited | Adequate | |||
| Having sufficient information to manage my health | 2.16 | 1.16 | 310(65.6%) | 163(34.4%) |
| Appraisal of health information | 2.49 | 1.03 | 303(64.1%) | 170(35.9%) |
| Understanding health information well enough to know what to do | 2.11 | 1.13 | 260(72.6%) | 130(27.4%) |
| Ability to good health information | 2.36 | 1.09 | 311(65.8%) | 162(34.2%) |
| Ability to actively engage with health care providers | 2.31 | 1.06 | 244(51.6%) | 229(48.4%) |
Table 3: Health Literacy of Respondents in Public Hospitals of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2022 (n=473)
Factors Associated with Health Literacy
All independent variables have been considered for the bivariable logistic regression analyses. All independent variables that showed a p-value less than 0.25 in bivariable analyses were considered candidate variables for the multivariable analysis. Those respondents who were not able to read and write were 4 times more likely to have limited health literacy (AOR = 4.09,
95% CI: 2.16, 7.72) compared to those who are above grade 12 (tertiary). Rural residents were 2 times more likely to have limited health literacy (AOR = 2, 95 %CI: 1.25, 2.89). Female participants were 2 times more likely to have limited health literacy (AOR 2.62 95% CI: 1.41, 3.95) and those who didn’t found medical information via the internet/television 2.25 (1.31, 3.88) had lower odds of having limited Health literacy (Table 4).
Table 4: Factors Associated with Health Literacy of Admitted Patients in Government Hospitals of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2020 (n= 473)
* Statistically significant at p < 0>
An adequate level of health literacy is important to an individual in that it helps them to take responsibility for their own health as well as their family health and community health [12]. Individuals with low health literacy face difficulties in understanding items that affect disease treatment such as realizing educational materials, reading appointment and medication labels [13], and may also face challenges when communicate with health care professional [14]. Health literacy is a multifaceted concept with various contributing factors. Importantly, these factors might vary from one setting to another. This is necessary to identify the contributing factors that, in each setup, could become essential pillar of public health programs aiming at improving health literacy [33].
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of limited Health literacy and associated factors among patients admitted at public hospitals of Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia. The result showed that the prevalence of limited Health literacy was 64%. The findings of this study were similar to a study conducted among adult admitted patients in government hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Ethiopi[34], and Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia;[35]. Where as in this study the prevalence of limited health literacy is slightly lower when compared with the study conducted in the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital [36].
In this study level education of was significantly associated with limited health literacy. Those respondents who were not able to read and write were 4 times more likely to have limited health literacy (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 2.16, 7.72) compared to those who are above grade 12 (tertiary). This finding is similar with a study done in government hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia(34), Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia;[36] and consistent with the study conducted in Nigeria[37]. Those respondents from urban residency were 2 times higher levels of health literacy when compared to rural residents. Similarly, study conducted in Southern Illinois University School of Medicine showed that rural residents had lower levels of health literacy compared to urban population [38]. This might be due to that urban residents have great access to health information than those from rural residents.
Female participants were 2 times more likely to have limited health literacy (AOR 2.62 95% CI: 1.412, 3.952), these finding requires additional in-depth study. This study did not find a significant predictive association between age of respondents and health literacy in contrast to previous studie[34,39].
Among from different clinical characteristics, finding medical information via television/internet was significantly associated with health literacy. Thus, who didn’t find medical information via the internet/television (AOR =2.25, CI: 1.31, 3.88) had 2 times likely to have limited Health literacy. This finding was supported by the study conducted in Malaysia [40].
Our study found that there is high prevalence in limited health literacy. We didn’t find any association between limited health literacy and age of respondents. However, level of education, female gender, being rural resident and finding medical information via the internet/television were significantly associated with limited health literacy. Strategies to address these are needed to reduce limited health literacy. Disparities in health literacy between educated and uneducated as well as in urban and rural residents should be minimized to the lowest possible level. We recommend that future researcher to implement qualitative and interventional study in which, this study didn`t address it due to resource and other associated constraints.
We obtained ethical clearance from the Ethical review committee of College of Health Sciences of Wolaita Sodo University with a reference number WSU/R/37/1971/23. Written informed consent was obtained from respondents during data collection after explaining the purpose of the study and the benefits. Ethical review committee has approved this consent. Respondents were interviewed voluntarily by assuring confidentiality.
Not applicable
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author.
EE, CK and TT conceptualized the study; EE, MG and TG analyzed the data; EE interpreted the data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript; EE, BA, and KA reviewed and substantively revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. We authors read and confirmed to submit the journal and gave the final approval of version to be published, and agreed to be accountable for all aspect of the work.
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
No funding was obtained for this study.
We extend our thanks to Wolaita Sodo University College of Health Science, data collectors, supervisors and study participants for their willingness to participate in the study.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
