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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/272
Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Katsina. Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: Olajide Lukeman Oyetunji, Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Katsina. Nigeria.
Citation: Zainab A. Bakori, Olajide L. Oyetunji, Asma’u Eleojo Abdul, Abe A. Job, (2025), Identifiable Risk Factors and Immediate Outcome of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia in the Pregnant Women Managed at Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina, North-West Nigeria, J. Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, 9(5) DOI:10.31579/2578-8965/272
Copyright: © 2025, Olajide Lukeman Oyetunji. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of The Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 06 June 2025 | Accepted: 23 June 2025 | Published: 30 June 2025
Keywords: fetomaternal outcome; preeclampsia; eclampsia; preterm; perinatal mortality
Introduction: Preeclampsia is a multi-organ systemic disorder that is responsible for a significant rate of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite this, there are limited studies on the prevalence of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in Nigeria.
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of preeclampsia/eclampsia, identify their possible associated risk factors and the fetomaternal outcome.
Design: This is a cross sectional study carried out at the obstetrics unit of Federal teaching Hospital (FTH) Katsina.
Methods: A Total of 114 participants were enrolled and their socio-demographic, related medical information and pregnancy outcome were obtained using a standard proforma and analyzed with SPSS. Data were interpreted using tables, percentages and Chi- square.
Results: There was a total of 114 participants with Preeclampsia /Eclampsia and a total of 1062 delivery during the study, which gives a prevalence of 10.7%. There were 90 patients with Preeclampsia and 24 patients with Eclampsia giving an isolated prevalence of 8.5% and 2.2% for Preeclampsia and Eclampsia respectively. The mean age of the participants was 25.78±8.3 years, while most of the participants (38.6%) fall below 21 years. Majority of the participants (35.1%) had no formal education. Largest percentage of the participants (38.6%), were Primigravida and most (69.3%) were booked. Majority of these patients (57%) resides in the rural community with most of them (71.1%) having low socioeconomic status. The most common family risk factor was hypertension with 45.3%. There was statistical significant association between eclampsia and previous preeclampsia with a P-value of 0.01. Abruption placenta (21.9%) was the most common complication and larger proportion of the babies (64.9%), were delivered preterm. Perinatal mortality rate was 17.5% with a higher perinatal mortality among Eclamptic patient (Odd ratio of 2.0). The table also shows that most babies (71.1%) had SCBU admission.
Conclusion: There was high prevalence of preeclampsia/eclampsia among the participants with associated increased rate of Caesarean Section, perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Preeclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy,1 and is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in the world. Preeclampsia is hypertension that generally occurs after 20 weeks of gestation along with proteinuria. When proteinuria is absent, preeclampsia is diagnosed in association with liver dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, pulmonary edema, new onset of kidney dysfunction, or new-onset of cerebral or visual disturbances. It can cause severe morbidity, chronic disability, and even death of mothers and babies. Moreover, it is linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 Diabetes.[1]
Preeclampsia is a multi-organ system disorder of pregnancy and is responsible for a significant rate of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide.[1] The global prevalence of all pre-eclampsia in the years 2002–2010 was estimated at 4.6% of deliveries but reported regional rates varied between 1% and 5.6%.[2 ]Where reported, the prevalence of preterm pre-eclampsia is <1%.2 The prevalence of pre-eclampsia is generally reported as lower in low-income and middle-income countries.[2] The prevalence of preeclampsia in developing countries ranges from 1.8 to 16.7%. For instance, prevalence of preeclampsia occurs in 10% of pregnancies in African women, which is significantly higher than the global average of approximately 2%. [3]
Globally preeclampsia is one of the primary cause of 830 daily maternal deaths, 550 occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa and 180 in South Asia, compared to 5 in developed countries. The risk of a woman in developing country dying from a maternal-related cause during her life time is about 33 times higher compared to woman living in a developed country.[3]
In West African countries such as Ghana it account for about 15-25% of maternal death,[2] Nigeria has high maternal mortality ratio (512 per 100,000 live births), high fertility rate (5.3 children per woman), and high infant mortality rate (67 deaths per 1000 live births).[4] A Nationwide cross-sectional study of 998 maternal deaths and 1451 near misses in public tertiary hospitals in Nigeria showed that Preeclampsia/Eclampsia was the highest contributor to maternal deaths being the cause of maternal deaths in 28.3% of cases.[4] The incidence varies amongst different districts, religions, countries and hospitals.[5]
Eclampsia alone contributed to a prevalence of 7.3% in UCTH, Calabar state in South-South Nigeria.[6], 24.5% incidence in Yenagoa, Bayelsa state South-South Nigeria7 and 42.2% of maternal deaths in Sokoto, Northern Nigeria.[4] and 40-41% in Kano Northern Ngieria.[8]
Multiple risk factors are known for the development of preeclampsia and eclampsia, including primiparity, pregnancy at extreme of ages, chronic hypertension, diabetes, multiple gestations, prior history of preeclampsia, poor socioeconomic conditions, and low education level, multi parity, thrombophilia, systemic lupus erythematosus, body mass index of more than 30, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, kidney disease, assisted reproductive technology, obstructive sleep apnea, hydatidiform mole, thyroid disease, collagen vascular diseases.[9-11]
The pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia is not fully understood and this disorder presents as a clinical syndrome with a wide spectrum. Early onset pre-eclampsia is generally considered as a defect in placentation whilst late onset pre-eclampsia is more often attributed to a range of interacting factors including normal placental senescence and a genetic predisposition to cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Poor placental function has repeatedly been associated with oxidative stress. [12]
Worldwide, an estimated 4 million women are diagnosed with pre-eclampsia (previously called toxemia) each year, causing the deaths of >70,000 women and 500,000 babies. Women who survive pre-eclampsia have reduced life expectancy, with increased risks of stroke, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, while babies from a pre-eclamptic pregnancy have increased risks of preterm birth, perinatal death, neurodevelopmental delay, and cardiovascular and metabolic disease later in life. Worldwide,>300 million women and children are estimated to be at increased risk of chronic health problems due to previous exposure to pre-eclampsia.[2] Preeclampsia is associated with pregnancy related complications. Approximately12% of women with severe pre‐eclampsia will develop HELLP syndrome, characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count, this leads to liver ischemia that can cause intrahepatic hemorrhage and subcapsular hematoma. This complication is associated with a significant risk of maternal mortality. [13,14]
Acute renal failure is a rare complication of pre‐eclampsia, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 10 000–15 000 pregnancies. Obstetric hemorrhage is a much more common precipitating factor in this population.[13] Other maternal complications of Pre-eclampsia include cerebral oedema, intracranial haemorrhage, blindness, stroke, pulmonary oedema, aspiration pneumonitis, pneumonia, renal failure, abruptio placentae, post-partum haemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, puerperal sepsis, and foetal complications include reduce feto-placental circulation leading to intra uterine growth retardation, foetal distress, preterm delivery, birth asphyxia, prematurity syndrome leading to increase in maternal and perinatal deaths.[14,15]
Long term maternal complications include recurrence of pre eclampsia and eclampsia in future pregnancies, chronic hypertension, chronic diabetes [16] and foetal complications include cardiovascular disease and double risk of stroke in children born to pre eclamptic mothers, preeclampsia is consistently associated with high blood pressure and body mass index of as early as 4-10 years of age.[17]
Although the maternal mortality has been reduced significantly, the perinatal mortality still remains very high even in the developed countries (7–10%). In developing countries, the perinatal mortality remains to the extent of about 20%, about 50% of which being stillborn.[15]
Though mortality has been reduced significantly in the advanced countries, it still remains high in the developing world.[16]
Despite the high rate of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia related maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Nigeria, there are limited studies on the prevalence of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, it is risk factors peculiar to our society as well as immediate outcome especially in the northern part of Nigeria. Different populations and ethno-geographical groups may have different prevalence and risk factors of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Most studies from Nigeria dealt with the incidence on eclampsia, and these vary in different geographical areas. It is as low as 0.3 per 100 delivery in Calabar, Southern Nigeria to as high as 5-9% per 100 delivery in Kano, Northern Nigeria. The cumulative incidence of pre-eclampsia in Nigeria is not known, it has never been evaluated on a large randomized trial to give a true National incidence.[18]
Knowing the gravity of prevalence of pre-eclampsia and understanding the risk factors peculiar to our society as well as the immediate outcome is important for prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and its complications and ultimately reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study is being conducted to determine the prevalence, risk factors and immediate outcome of pre-eclampsia among the women presenting to obstetric units, Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina, this will provide evidence based information for prevention and improvement in health care approach.
Study Design: This was an institutional-based cross-sectional study.
Study Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, risk factors and immediate outcome of preeclampsia among women that present to Obstetric units, Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina.
Study Area: The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina, in Northern Nigeria between 1st of March, and 23rd of July 2024. Study Population: This consists of 114 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia presenting to the unit during the study period.
Sample size: The sample size was calculated using the fisher’s formula
n= z2pq/d2
z= standard normal deviation of 1.96 at 95% confidence interval
d= allowable error margin of 5%
q= 1-p
p= prevalence of preeclampsia, which is 7.3% from a study done at UCTH Calabar Nigeria, by James et al.6
Hence, n=1.962 x0.073 (1-0.073)/0.052, n= 104
Adding non-response rate of 10%, the sample size was approximated to 114 participants.
Data collection: Data was collected using a questionnaire containing participants’ socio-demographic, anthropometric, obstetric and medical information. The immediate postpartum maternal outcome and perinatal outcome of the participants were also included in the proforma and where necessary, further information was sought from participant’s Electronic Health Record (EHR). Exclusion criteria was looked out for either from participant or from participant’s EHR. Information regarding preexisting hypertension and the necessity of antihypertensive medications was either obtained from the participant’s self-report or from their medical documents. The anthropometric measurements were made with the assistance of trained medical personnel following the standard procedure. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using an automated blood pressure recorder while they were seated in a comfortable position after at least 10 min of rest. The weight was recorded to the nearest 0.1 kg (kg) with the subject standing on the weighing machine without shoes and wearing light clothing.
Information of unstable eclamptic participants was taken after stabilization.
Data Processing and Analysis: Descriptive statistics was used to present the baseline data variables. P-value was obtained from the independent sample t-test for comparison between quantitative variables. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine the relationship between the dependent variables and independent variables. The independent variables that were significant at univariate analysis and some relevant variables were included in the multiple logistic regression models. IBM SPSS, version 25.0 was used for statistical data analysis. The p-value < 0>
Important Definition of Terms
Proteinuria (significant): women with a dip-stick protein of 2+ were grouped as having proteinuria.1
Hypertension: hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure of ≥ 140mmhg and diastolic blood pressure of ≥ 90mmhg.19
Preeclampsia: Preeclampsia is defined as having hypertension (≥ 140 mmHg SBP and/or ≥ 90 mmHg DBP) along with either proteinuria or elevated liver enzyme (e.g., ALT level > 40 IU/L) or kidney dysfunction (creatinine > 1 mg/dL). Preeclampsia that developed after 20 weeks of gestation with the previous history of normal blood pressure was noted. Preeclampsia with pre-pregnancy hypertension or that developed before 20 weeks of gestation is defined as preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension.1
Trimesters, gravidity, and parity: women with gestation periods of week 1 to 13 were included as first trimester, 14 to 26 weeks as second trimester, and 27 to 40weeks as third trimester.20 Gravidity was defined as the total number of pregnancies of a woman, regardless of the outcome. Parity was noted as the number of pregnancies reaching ≥ 28 weeks.
During the course of this study, there was a total of 114 participants with Preeclampsia /Eclampsia and a total of 1062 delivery which gives a prevalence of 10.7%. There were 90 patients with Preeclampsia and 24 patients with Eclampsia giving an isolated prevalence of 8.5% and 2.2% Preeclampsia and Eclampsia respectively.
Sociodemographic Characteristics of The Participants
Table 1 is showing the socio-demographic characteristic of the participants. The mean age of the participants was 25.78±8.3 years. While the highest population of the eclamptic women (58.3%) falls below the age of 21 years that of Preeclamptic women (42.2%) falls between 21 and 30 years. However, most of the participants (38.6%) fall below 21 years. Majority of the participants (35.1%) had no formal education and there was no statistically significant relationship in the level of education of the eclamptic and preeclamptic patient. Largest percentage of the participants (38.6%), were Primigravida, most (69.3%) of the patients were also not booked. Majority of these patients (57%) resides in the rural community with most of them (71.1%) having low socioeconomic status. The most common family risk factor was hypertension with 45.3%, which was followed by maternal history of Preeclampsia with 28.1 %, and the lowest was the Diabetes mellitus with 26.6% have history of diabetes.
| Variable | Eclampsia N=24 | Preeclampsia N=90 | PE+E | P-value | Statistical test |
Age Group ≤20 21-30 31-40 40-50 >50 |
14(58.3%) 4(16.7%) 3(12.5%) 3(12.5%) 0(0.0%) |
30(33.3%) 38(42.2%) 18(20.0%) 3(3.3%) 1(1.1%) |
44(38.6%) 42(36.8%) 21(18.4%) 6(5.3%) 1(0.9%) |
0.08
|
x2=3.11
|
Level of Education None Primary Secondary Tertiary |
11(45.8%) 6(25.0%) 3(12.5%) 4(16.7%) |
29(32.2%) 18(20.0%) 22(24.4%) 21(23.3%) |
40(35.1%) 24(21.1%) 25(21.9%) 25(21.9%) |
0.45
|
x2=0.58
|
Parity O 1- 4 >4 |
12(50.0%) 5(25.8%) 7(29.2%) |
32(35.5%) 34(37.8%) 24(26.7%) |
44(38.6%) 39(34.2%) 31(27.2%) |
0.61
|
X2=3.50
|
Booking status Booked Unbooked |
7(29.2%) 17(70.8%) |
28(31.1%) 62(68.9%) |
35(30.7%) 79(69.3% |
0.92
|
X2=0.55
|
Residential address Rural Urban |
15(62.5%) 9(35.7%)
|
50(55.6%) 40(44.4%)
|
65(57.0%) 49(43.0%)
|
0.85
|
X2=0.03
|
Socio-economic status Low high |
15(62.5%) 9(35.7%)
|
66(73.3%) 24(26.7%)
|
81(71.1%) 33(28.9%)
|
0.63
|
X2=0.08
|
Family medical history Hypertension Diabetes Preeclampsia |
11(39.3%) 7(25.0%) 10(35.7%) |
47(47.0%) 27(27.0%) 26(26.0%) |
58(45.3%) 34(26.6%) 36(28.1%) |
0.06
|
X2=0.37
|
Table1: Socio-demographic characteristic of the Participants
Participant’s Medical History
Table 2 shows the Participant’s common medical risk factors which include chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, previous preeclampsia and history of COCPs (Combined oral contraceptive pills). About 22.8% of the participants have previous history of preeclampsia, and 27.2% with history of chronic hypertension. Others were renal disease (17.5%), COCP use (16.7%) and diabetes mellitus with 5.3%. there was statistical significant association between eclampsia and previous history of preeclampsia with a P-value of 0.01. It shows patient with previous preeclampsia are more likely to have eclampsia in subsequent pregnancy.
| Variables | Eclampsia N=24 | Preeclampsia N=90 | PE+E | P-value | Statistical test |
History of hypertension YES NO |
6(25.0%) 18(75.0%) |
25(27.8%) 65(72.2%) |
31(27.2%) 83(72.8%) |
0.79
|
X2=0.07
|
History of diabetes YES NO |
3(12.5%) 21(87.5%) |
3(3.3%) 87(96.7) |
6(5.3%) 108(94.7%) |
0.07
|
X2=3.19 |
History of preeclampsia YES NO |
9(37.5%) 15(62.5%) |
17(18.9%) 73(81.1%) |
26(22.8%) 88(77.2%) |
0.01*
|
X2=8.78
|
History of renal disease YES NO | 3(12.5%) 21(87.5%)
| 3(3.3%) 87(96.7%)
| 6(5.3%) 108(94.7%)
| 0.07
| X2=8.79
|
History of COCPs use YES NO | 3(12.5%) 21(87.5%)
| 16(17.8%) 74(82.2%) | 19(16.7%) 95(83.3%)
| 0.446 | X2=0.582
|
Table 2: Participants’ medical History
Mode Of Delivery
Table 3 shows the mode of delivery of the participants. Majority of the participants (68.4%) were delivered through caesarean section while only 31.4% had vaginal delivery. There was strong association between caesarean birth and eclampsia with Odd Ratio (OR) of 1.12.
| Variables | Eclampsia N=24 | Preeclampsia N=90 | PE+E | OR | Statistical test |
Caesarean Section Vaginal Delivery | 20(83.3%)
4(16.7%) | 67(74.4%)
23(25.6%) | 87(76.3%)
27(23.7%)
| 1.12
| X=8.79 |
Table 3: Mode of Delivery
Fetomaternal Outcome
Abruption placenta was the most common complication which occurred in 22.2% of the Preeclamptic participants and 33.3% in eclamptic patients with 25(21.9%) average. Followed by pulmonary edema 21(18.4%), aspiration pneumonia 9(7.9%), cerebrovascular accident 4(3.5%), Others28(24.6%), no complication 27(23.7%).
Table 4 shows that largest proportion of the babies (64.9%), were delivered preterm and 35.1% were term neonates. There is no statistically significant relationship between Preeclampsia/eclampsia and preterm delivery with P-value of 0.63. There were 20 recorded perinatal deaths among the participants, with their perinatal mortality rate of 17.5%. Eleven (55%) of which were intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and Nine (45%) were early neonatal death. Those patients with Eclampsia have higher perinatal mortality rate when compared with those with Preeclampsia with an Odd ratio of 2.0 though this was not statistically significant with a P-value of 0.10. The table also shows that most babies (71.1%) after delivery had SCBU admission.
| Variables | Eclampsia | Preeclampsia | PE+E | P-value | Statistical test |
Gestational age at delivery Preterm Term |
7(29.2%) |
33(36.7%) |
40(35.1%) |
0.63
|
X2 = 40.80
|
Neonatal status Alive Dead |
17(70.8%) 7(29.2%) |
77(85.6%) 13(14.4%) |
94(82.5%) 20(17.5%) |
0.10
|
X2= 2.84
|
SCBU Admission Admitted Not admitted |
16(66.7%) 8(33.3%) |
68(75.6%) 22(24.4%) |
84(73.7%) 30(26.3%) |
0.38 |
X2=27.21
|
SCBU= Special Baby Care Unit GA= Gestational Age
END= Early Neonatal Death IUFD= Intrauterine foetal death
Table 4: Fetal outcome
The prevalence of preeclampsia/Eclampsia in this study was found to be 10.7%, which was higher than 2.4% previously reported in the same centre[20]. The study found isolated incidence of preeclampsia to be 8.5% and that of eclampsia to be 2.2% which were still higher than 3.02% and 0.58% in a study done by Akaba et-al in North-Central Nigeria21. The incidence of 8.5% for Preeclampsia found in this was comparable to 7.4% reported at the UCTH Calabar South- South Nigeria by James et al, [6] but this was lower than 14.4% that was reported by Mou et-al in Bangladesh 1. The mean age of the participants was 25.78±8.3 years while Majority falling below the age of 21years which was closely followed by age between 21-30 years, a finding similar to a multi centred study done by Ola et al [22] and a study done by Yakasai et al [5]. More than half (69.3%) of the parturient did not have antenatal care, this finding was similar to the findings in Lagos south western part of the country [23] but was higher than the report from Owerri South-Eastern part of the country10 and Kogi State in the North-Central part of the country.[24]
This study shows that patient with previous history of Preeclampsia are more likely to present with eclampsia than preeclampsia. This finding was similar to other reported studies within and outside the country1-6but differs from an Iranian study that shows no relationship between previous history of Preeclampsia and current Eclampsia/Eclampsia.[25] The findings of history of previous Preeclampsia association with Eclampsia in our study may be due to low level of formal education, lack of antenatal care and low socioeconomic status among our patients. Risk factors such as age, parity, residential address, patient and family history of medical disorders were found to be associated with preeclampsia/Eclampsia and this was similar to the previous finding in the same hospital.[20] The finding that most patients with preeclapsia/eclampsia were from the rural community was in contrast to the reports by Amarikwa-Obi and colleagues and Njelita and colleagues that found higher risk of preeclampsia in urban dwellers.[10,11]
The caesarean section rate of 68.4% in this study was higher than previous reported findings within the Country. [26,27] This could be due to the high level of preterm delivery found in majority (64.9%) of the participants alongside with the need to preventing poor neonatal outcome experienced with vaginal delivery among premature neonates in our centre, hence promoting caesarean delivery. Patient with Eclampsia also have higher odd of having caesarean birth when compared with those with Preecampsia in this study. This was different from report by Irene Et-al that showed that vaginal delivery was more favourably supported in this group of Patients. [28]
Abruption placenta top the maternal complication for Preeclampsia and eclampsia, and the Finding was similar to the reported findings within and outside the country[29,30]. Larger proportions (64.9%) of the babies were delivered preterm, which were also similar to other reported findings in previous studies[29,30]. There was high rate of SCBU admission (71.1%) in this study and may be related to of high preterm birth among the participants. The finding of high need for SCBU care seen in this study was higher than reported by some studies. [29,31,32] There was high perinatal mortality rate in our study which was similar to the other findings in Nigeria.[18,23,29] though other studies reported lower perinatal mortality rate. [1, 28]. This Study shows that there was high perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with preeclampsia/eclampsia irrespective of the mode of delivery.
This study found the prevalence of preeclampsia/eclampsia to be relatively high, high risk of recurrent preeclampsia/eclampsia in participants with previous history of preeclampsia. There was also high rate Caesarean section among preeclamptic/eclamptic patients especially before term (37 completed weeks) with high perinatal morbidity and mortality.
It is essential to continue exploring risk factors and outcomes among women with preeclampsia in order to identify any remaining barriers to optimal maternal and perinatal care.
There is need better surveillance for women with previous history of preeclampsia, who generally face higher risks for Eclampsia and other hypertensive disorders in subsequent pregnancies.
Prenatal Corticosteroid administration, close foetal and neonatal monitoring and timely intervention are crucial in preventing adverse outcomes.
This is a hospital base study which cannot be generalized. Also, being a cross-sectional may be prone to bias. The limited population of the patients may be a major factor in the strength of this study.
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Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD
Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.
Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.
