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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/268
Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author: Muhammad Waqar Mazhar, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Citation: Muhammad W. Mazhar, (2025), Glioblastoma Multiforme Prognostic Role of the GNAI3 Gene Family Inhibitors, Clinical Research and Clinical Trials, 12(5); DOI:10.31579/2693-4779/268
Copyright: © 2025, Muhammad Waqar Mazhar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 26 April 2025 | Accepted: 15 May 2025 | Published: 10 June 2025
Keywords: glioblastoma; genome; malignancy; bcr signaling pathway; molecular biomarkers; prognosis; signaling pathway; gpcrs
One of the most aggressive malignancies with a very poor overall prognosis is glioblastoma. Because the BBB obstructs medicine delivery and invasive techniques alone are ineffective in removing it entirely, GBM is extremely difficult to treat. To treat GBM, it is critical to identify the key pathways and biomarkers. We carried out this investigation with the objective to determine the pathways linked to GBM. To find the DEGs, we compared the GEO database to the TCGA GBM genomic data set. Using the CGGA dataset, we also looked at the predictive significance of GNAI family genes in GBM. G-protein alpha inhibiting subunit 3 (GNAI3) gene expression was strongly linked to a poor prognosis in the tumour microenvironment across the sample. The function of the GNAI3 gene was examined using MetaCore and GO analysis in conjunction with transcript analysis, co-expressed genes, and related signalling pathways like the "Immune response B cell antigen receptor (BCR) pathway" and "Cytoskeleton remodelling Regulation of actin cytoskeleton organisation by the kinase effectors of Rho GTPases." According to the results, the carcinogenesis of GBM patients was highly correlated with the GNAI family genes, particularly GNAI3. In conclusion, it was proposed that the GNAI3 genes could be a predictive biomarker for GBM.
Glial cells, which are supporting cells in the brain, give rise to glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a very aggressive and lethal kind of brain tumour. This kind of tumour, called a glioma, arises from the glial cells that envelop and sustain nerve cells. GBM can develop in any part of the brain and is extremely invasive and fast-growing. Nonetheless, the cerebral hemispheres—the biggest region of the brain in charge of speech, memory, and movement—are where it most frequently arises. Rarely, it may also extend to other organs including parts of the central nervous system (CNS)[1]. Research suggests that certain genetic abnormalities and abnormal changes in the DNA of glial cells contribute to the growth of GBM, even if the exact aetiology of the disease is still unclear. While GBM may affect people of any age, older people are more likely to experience it. Depending on the tumor's size and location, GBM can present with a variety of symptoms, including recurring headaches, seizures, cognitive decline, behavioural or personality changes, limb weakness or numbness, difficulties speaking or seeing, and nausea or vomiting episodes. The tumor's pressure on the surrounding brain tissue or interference with its regular processes causes these symptoms [2]. A thorough review of the patient's medical history, a neurological examination, imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and a biopsy procedure—in which a sample of the tumour tissue is taken for additional analysis—are all part of the diagnostic process for GBM. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical resection (removal) of the tumour are commonly used in the treatment of GBM. Maximising tumour removal while minimising damage to nearby healthy brain tissueis the primary goal of surgery. High-energy beams are used in radiation treatment after surgery to target and eliminate any tumour cells that may still be present. Medications are used in chemotherapy to either kill or stop the growth of cancer cells. Because of its infiltrative nature and high recurrence rate, GBM is still difficult to fully cure even with rigorous treatment techniques [3]. With a typical survival time of 12 to 15 months after diagnosis, the prognosis for GBM is dire. However, there is hope for better results and a higher quality of life for those with GBM because to continuous research and treatment improvements.
The roles of certain proteins within cellular signalling networks and their effects on various illnesses have drawn increasing attention from researchers in recent years. The GNAI family of proteins, in particular the G-protein alpha inhibiting subunit 3 (GNAI3), is one such protein family of interest [4]. GNAI proteins are essential members of the larger family of G-proteins, which are responsible for directing a variety of cellular functions by sending signals from cell surface receptors to the inside of cells. GNAI1, GNAI2, and GNAI3 are the three main members of the GNAI family. By reducing the activity of adenylcyclases, the enzymes responsible for producing the second messenger molecule cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), these proteins mostly block cellular signalling pathways. GNAI proteins reduce cAMP levels by blocking adenylcyclases, which has an impact on cellular processes. Neurotransmission, hormone signalling, cell development, differentiation, and motility are just a few of the many functions that GNAI proteins perform in many organs and cell types. They can control downstream signalling pathways and physiological reactions by modulating cAMP levels through adenylcyclase activity reduction. Numerous illnesses and conditions have been linked to GNAI protein mutations or dysregulation. For example, changes in GNAI3 have been connected to growth hormone excess issues and specific types of pituitary tumours. Certain somatic overgrowth disorders have been shown to contain GNAI2 mutations. Additionally, it has been shown that GNAI protein dysregulation affects tumour development and metastasis in a number of cancers, including colorectal and breast cancer. The adaptability of the GNAI protein family—which includes GNAI1, GNAI2, and GNAI3—highlights its significance in cellular signalling and regulation, supporting a variety of physiological and pathological processes.
Specifically focussing on GNAI3, it is a gene that codes for the GNAI3 protein, a member of the GNAI family. The brain, heart, and skeletal muscle are among the tissues where GNAI3 exhibits action. Numerous studies have clarified the functions and consequences of GNAI3 in signalling networks and cellular functions. G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling is one of GNAI3's most important functions. When ligands activate particular GPCRs, GNAI3 is activated, separates from the receptor, and takes part in subsequent signalling cascades. GNAI3 reduces cAMP levels by blocking adenyl cyclase, an enzyme that produces cAMP, which in turn affects a number of cellular reactions. The effect that GNAI3 has on cardiac function within the cardiovascular system has been thoroughly investigated. It helps control the contractility and rhythm of the heart. Research on mice lacking GNAI3 has revealed changes in cardiac function, such as increased heart rate and contractility. These results highlight how important GNAI3 is for preserving healthy cardiovascular function. Furthermore, GNAI3 was implicated in the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells, where its activation inhibits calcium signalling pathways, resulting in the relaxation and dilatation of blood vessels. These findings demonstrate the role that GNAI3 plays in blood vessel function and vascular health in general. GNAI3 was implicated in the regulation of neurotransmitter release inside the central nervous system. GNAI3 regulates synaptic transmission by lowering cAMP levels and adenylcyclase activity in neurones. The function of GNAI3 in regulating neurotransmission and preserving appropriate neuronal signalling is highlighted by this method. Additionally, several cancers have been linked to GNAI3 dysregulation. Several cancer forms, including lung adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer, have been found to contain genetic abnormalities or aberrant expression of GNAI3. In these situations, tumour development, metastasis, and treatment response may be impacted by GNAI3 dysregulation. Gaining insight into GNAI3's function in carcinogenesis might help with the creation of tailored treatments and personalised medicine strategies.
Finally, the intricate relationship between GBM and the GNAI3 protein family offers an intriguing study topic. The necessity for more research into their interactions and possible treatment strategies is highlighted by the aggressive nature of GBM and the many roles of GNAI3. Clarifying GNAI3's function in cellular functions and its consequences for illnesses like GBM can lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and, eventually, better patient outcomes. In order to identify a new potential biomarker for immunotherapy, we have tried to establish a connection between the GNAI3 and pathways that it regulates and immune infiltration in GBM. To determine the expression level, pancancer analysis, overall survival, molecular functions, biological processes, cellular activities, and immune infiltration, we conducted bioinformatics analysis. It was discovered that GNAI3's function included vital biological mechanisms that can encourage the growth and motility of cancer. We provide an overview of the procedure for a thorough survey of various members. GBM is one of the cancer possibilities that has genes encoding the GNAI family of proteins. The following are the interpretations of immunostaining, enrichment analysis, expression levels, and molecular processes and function (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Work Flow summary. TCGA data was retrieved to find the DEGs to find the expression level, overall survival, immune infiltration, protein expression, GO functions, and pathway analysis.
DEGs and expressive genes and volcano plot
The DEGs for Glioblastoma Multiform were determined using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The Glioblastoma TCGA data for DEGs between primary tumour tissues (602 samples) and solid normal tissues (12 samples) were found using data from the Xena Browser. Limma-Voom and Z normalisation were used to exclude variables that were unrelated or might have an impact on the research. GSE 182670 (15 samples), GSE 74187 (60 samples), and GSE 83300 (50 samples) in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database provided the microarray and overall survival data for 125 GBM samples. The shared DEGs between these datasets were discovered by combining them. Later, we employed the Volcano plot with statistical significance and log10-fold change = 1.5 to obtain better gene expression results.
UALCAN for Pan-Cancer Analysis
With the help of CSS and Javascript, UALCAN (http://ualcan.path.uab.edu) is an easy-to-use online data platform that provides clinical data for over 30 distinct cancer types. The cancer OMICS is publicly accessible. The expression levels of the RNA sequence analysis of the genes in this database were obtained using the RSEM technique. To determine the gene relevance across various cancer types, transcripts per million (TPM) was employed. In Glioblastoma Multiform, this data has obtained the TCGA data with the GNAI family genes from tumour samples (n = 156) and normal samples (n = 5).
GEPIA box plots
The expression of GNAI1, GNAI2, and GNAI3 and their importance in GBM were examined using patient data from TCGA and GTEx that included solid normal tissues (n = 207 samples) and tumour tissues (n = 163 samples) using the online GEPIA tool (http://gepia2.cancer-pku.cn/). Log2FC=1 and a statistically significant log-rank P value <0>CGGA data set for survival analysis
More than 2000 brain tumour samples have been clinically and sequenced by the open-access CGGA Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database (http://www.cgga.org.cn/). The distribution of GNAI family gene mRNA expression levels in WHO grades I, II, and III as well as the expression of GNAI 2 and 3 in tumour samples with and without IDH mutations were obtained by accessing the CGGA data set. For both primary and recurrent gliomas, the Overall Survival analysis was conducted using a significant P value <0 pLGG=144, rLGG=38, pGBM=85, rGBM=24, sGBM=30)>Drug sensitivity
We utilised GSCA (Genome Set for Cancer Analysis) (http://bioinfo.life.hust.edu.cn/GSCA/), an integrated web program that incorporates TCGA data set for 30 cancer types for pharmacogenomic and imunogenomic cancer analysis, to comprehend the drug sensitivity for our particular genes. Two categories of drug data sets are available from GSCA: (1) GDSC (Genomics of Drug Senstivity in Cancers), which lists medications and uses IC50 values to correlate their sensitivity with a particular gene expression, and (2) CTRP (The Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal), which includes information on small molecules that target a particular gene or pathway.
Functional Enrichment Analysis GO
An online resource called cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org) contains datasets of various kinds that use mRNA expression to statistically describe gene correlation and co-expression. The TCGA dataset for Glioblastoma Multiforme (n=592 samples) was obtained by accessing this database. Using Spearman's correlation, the co-expression gene data was utilised for Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, including Biological Process (BP), Molecular Function (MF), and Cellular Function (CF). The KEGG pathway, which illustrates the connections and abundance of the pathways, is also included in the enrichment analysis. In the dot plots for the routes, the x-axis represents fold enrichment using -10 log (P-value) [5], [6], [7]. Shiny Go (http://bioinformatics.sdstate.edu/go/), an online bioinformatics tool for BP, MF, CF, and KEGG, was used to conduct the enrichment analysis [8]. The Metacore analysis (https://portal.genego.com/) for cell signalling pathway analysis was also carried out using it. Gene set enrichment analysis (http://software.broadinstitute.org/gsea) was also performed on this data set to determine the gene activities determined by normalised enrichment analysis (NES) and q value false discovery rate (FDR). The threshold was defined as the notional P value <0>1.5.
Protein-protein interaction
String analysis, an online tool that provides data for over ten different types of creatures and people, was used to do the protein-protein interaction (https://string- db.org/). It has 19303 protein linkage linkages. We analysed the genes belonging to the GNAI family in humans. An example of protein interactions is provided by the investigation that was done [9].
Timer 2.0 for immune infiltration
With TIMER 2.0 (http://timer.comp-genomics.org/), we investigated immune cell infiltration across 31 cancer types using TCGA datasets. Statistical significance and Spearman's correlation coefficient were employed. In GBM, we investigated the relationship between the highly expressive GNAI family genes and the infiltration of inflammatory cells and immunological infiltration in default immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils.
Statsitics Analysis
To gather patient information and investigate how the GNAI family gene affects overall survival (OS), the online CGGA data was utilised. A cBioPortal (https://www.cbioportal.org/dataset) called the TCGA Pan-cancer Atlas was accessed. Spearman correlation and statistical significance were used to ascertain the relationship between tumour immune cells and the expression of GNAI family genes. The default parameters were used to continue the survival research. Using a log-rank p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Expression of GNAI-3 in pancancer analysis by DEGs using TCGA data
We collected the TCGA data set using the Xena browser to determine the DEGs between the primary tumour and normal tissue samples. Then, using the Venn diagram, we compared it with the GSE 74187, GSE 83300, and GSE 182670 from the GEO database to determine the expression of the GNAI protein family in various cancers (Figure 2). Out of all the data sets, it revealed that 47.5% of genes are present. We created the volcano plot among the data set by setting a criterion of log2FC> ±1.3 in GBM over control (P<0>
Using the UALCAN database, the pan-cancer study displayed the expression of GNAI-2 and GNAI-3 across 20 distinct cancer types. Glioblastoma Multiforme and Sarcoma were found to have higher levels of GNAI-2 expression, whereas Breast Invasive Carcinoma, Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Esophageal Carcinoma, Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Glioblastoma, Sarcoma, and Skin cutaneous carcinoma had higher levels of GNAI-3 pan-cancer mRNA expression.
The box plots utilised in this work to determine the expression of GNAI family genes and their importance in GBM were obtained using the GEPIA 2.0. Of all the family members, the GBM tumour and normal tissue samples expressed GNAI-2 and GNAI- 3. In contrast to normal ones, this demonstrated that GNAI-2 and GNAI-3 exhibited elevated mRNA expression in GBM (figure 3). We typically concentrated on GBM, and GNAI-3 was more expressed in GBM than in the other cancer types.
Figure 2: Venn Diagram: (A) TCGA-GBM data and GEO data for GBM samples were used for comparingv DEGs, which shows 47.5
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most serious malignant primary brain tumor in adults, accounting for 54% of all gliomas and 16% of all primary brain tumors. Despite intensive treatment with very safe surgical excision, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the median survival is about 14.6 months, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 10%. To date, the standard treatment for GBM remains the 'Stupp regimen', which includes surgery, when possible, followed by simultaneous radiotherapy and chemotherapy with the drug temozolomide (TMZ), followed by TMZ [24]. Other therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy and vaccines are all under investigation. However, the brain's immune system is unique and can be a challenging area for immunotherapy. The most recent focus of GBM research is glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) [25]. These cells are known to be resistant to conventional therapies and may be responsible for tumor recurrence. A variety of targeted therapies are being tested in clinical trials. These include drugs designed to suppress growth signals (such as EGFR inhibitors) or inhibitors of angiogenesis to cut off the blood supply to a tumor [26, 27]. However, we can provide an overview of how GNAI family proteins, including GNAI-3, influence tumor progression, immune response and progression, and may serve as cancer biomarkers. Gα12/13 proteins are part of the G protein family involved in cell signal transduction. Alterations in these signaling pathways can disrupt cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis that contribute to tumorigenesis. GNAI3 protein, may play a role in these cancer-related processes.
In the context of tumor progression, GNAI-3 may affect cell migration and invasion, two major processes involved in tumor metastasis. For immune responses, protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling involving GNAI-3 is known to play an important role in the regulation of immune cells. Any disruption in this pathway can affect the immune system's ability to respond effectively to tumors [23]. In terms of growth, G proteins are involved in transducing signals from growth factor receptors to downstream effectors that promote cell proliferation. Abnormalities in these signals can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, which is the hallmark of cancer. Finally, the role of GNAI-3 as a cancer biomarker depends largely on whether its expression or level of activity is consistently associated with specific aspects of cancer, such as its presence, stage, or response to treatment.
Using the TCGA database, we explored GNAI-3 expression in different types of cancers and its association with overall survival, poor prognosis, and immune infiltration in GBM. This is the behavior of bioinformatics research that used GNAI-3 as a prognostic biomarker for GBM for the first time and showed that GNAI expression gradually increased in GBM WHO grade II-IV and that IDH mutations were associated with GNAI-3 indicating that GNAI-3 expression was not affected. GNAI-3 is associated with poor prognosis, and GO pathway analysis revealed key roles for GNAI-3 in cell signaling, ribosomal synthesis, and mRNA splicing. Role of GNAI3 in cellular processes and tumor progression leads to focus on GNAI3 for further Bioinformatics analysis. We performed GSEA analysis and observed that GNAI-3 expression correlated with the expression of the target MYC pathway V1. The MYC oncogene is a transcription factor that regulates many aspects of cell biology, including proliferation, growth, and apoptosis. When dysregulated, MYC may contribute to the development of several cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
In the context of GBM, MYC is overexpressed and associated with a poor prognosis. This may contribute to the aggressive behavior of the tumor and its resistance to treatment. In particular, MYC can promote glioma stem cell proliferation and self-renewal, which are thought to contribute to tumor recurrence. The relationship between MYC and GNAI-3 is less clear than between MYC and its normative targets. However, it is conceivable that GNAI-3, which is involved in G protein signaling, may interact with pathways downstream of MYC or participate in processes affected by MYC overexpression [28]. GNAI proteins are involved in EGFR signaling by recruiting Gab1 and further PI3K, that in turn involves cell migration and proliferation [29].
Now, regarding the involvement of GNAI-3 in the specific pathways mentioned above, Rho GTPases play an important role in cytoskeleton remodeling and actin regulation. Actin is a protein (along with myosin) that forms contractile filaments of muscle cells and is involved in a variety of cellular movements, including cell motility, cell structure, integrity, and intracellular trafficking. Changes in the cytoskeleton and organization of actin frequently accompany cellular transformation, including the formation and development of cancer cells. Therefore, if GNAI-3 significantly affects this pathway, it may play a role in the initiation or progression of glioblastoma multiforme by altering cellular structure and behavior [30, 31]. Using GNAI-3 as a biomarker requires consideration of its expression levels in GBM samples compared to healthy tissues. Significantly increased or decreased expression levels in GBM may indicate a link between the gene and cancer and could be used to detect or monitor disease. In addition, the WHO score analysis will include consideration of how GNAI-3 expression and involvement pathway change with GBM progression from lower (less severe) WHO scores (more severe) to higher (more severe) WHO scores. This may provide insight into how GNAI-3 promotes GBM progression and may influence treatment efficacy.
The positive association between GNAI-3 and dendritic cells in the context of infiltrating immune cells of glioblastoma (GBM) may indicate that increased GNAI-3 signaling may enhance dendritic cell recruitment or activity. Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that play an important role in initiating the adaptive immune response. They may enhance antitumor responses by presenting tumor antigens to and activating T cells. On the other hand, the negative correlation between GNAI-3 and B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils may indicate that GNAI-3 signaling may somehow inhibit the recruitment or function of these cells[32]. GNAI-3 also plays an important role in signal transduction. Involved in several intracellular signaling pathways, the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) pathway is important for B cell activation and function. When an antigen binds to the BCR, it triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events that lead to B cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and antibody production. The BCR pathway and the GPCR pathway are separate, but they may overlap. Several studies have suggested that G proteins may be involved in regulating BCR signaling, influencing B-cell activation and function. Moreover, little is known about the role of GNAI- 3 and B cell function in the context of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). B cells are part of a complex immune response against GBM, but their specific roles and interactions in the GBM tumor microenvironment remain to be explored. More research is needed to understand how GNAI-3 affects B-cell function and immune responses in GBM [33]. APCs participate in IL1, 6, 8, and 10 signaling, macrophages and dendritic cells as part of innate immunity, and tumor cells as part of senescence activity. They detect tumor antigens by detecting MHC class I deficiency on tumor cells or by uptake of the antigen by dying tumor cells, which in turn activate CD4+ T cells through TCR, CD28, and B cell responses, and thus specifically activate Th2 cells. direct or indirect. Methods of activating Th1 cells. Th2 cells release cytokines such as IFN-γ to suppress tumors. Th1 cells activate B cell immunity, natural killer cells. IFN-γ also regulates M1 macrophages, which in turn kill cancer cells[34-38]
For example, G proteins including GNAI-3 can influence cell proliferation and survival, which are key factors in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. They also play a role in cell migration and invasion, which are critical for metastasis[39] [40].
In the context of immune responses, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including GNAI-3, are known to play a role in regulating immune cells, so alterations in this pathway may influence immune responses to GBM. Our constraint is that we have not undertaken more thorough verification by experimental assays in vitro, and in vivo, but we anticipate that the findings of bioinformatics analysis will serve as the foundation for future research. GNAI3 has the potential to be a predictive biomarker for immune infiltration in GBM cancer development.
Our findings showed that overexpression of GNAI family genes may be a possible biomarker for GBM malignancy and a sign of a bad prognosis. The bioinformatics study suggests that this marker may be the focus of more thorough experimental validations in the future.
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“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD
