AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Chat with us
Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2578-8868/239
1 Akal College of Pharmacy and technical education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, Punjab (India).
2 Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Punjab (India).
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab (India).
*Corresponding Author: Anjana Bali, Department of Pharmacology Central University of Punjab Bathinda.
Citation: Anjana Bali, Department of Pharmacology Central University of Punjab Bathinda., (2022). Exploring the Pain Attenuating Potential of Imatinib in Chronic Constriction Injury Model of Neuropathic Pain. J. Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. 12(1); DOI:10.31579/2578-8868/239
Copyright: © 2022 Anjana Bali, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of The Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Received: 06 June 2022 | Accepted: 18 July 2022 | Published: 26 July 2022
Keywords: neuropathic pain; tyrosine kinase; chronic constriction injury; imatinib
Background: Preclinical studies have identified three members of tyrosine kinase receptor family (Trk), TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC in dorsal root of ganglia (DRG), which carry sensory neural signals to the central nervous system from the peripheral nervous system in neuropathic pain. Imatinib is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor and widely employed as anti-cancer drug in myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The present study was designed to investigate the potential of imatinib in neuropathic pain. Method: Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injury in rats by putting four loose ligatures around sciatic nerve. The extent of neuropathic pain was assessed by noting paw withdrawal threshold (mechanical hyperalgesia) in pin prick test, paw withdrawal latency in hot plate test (heat hyperalgesia) and paw withdrawal duration in acetone drop test (cold allodynia) before surgery and on 14th day post surgery. Result: There was a significant development of cold allodynia, mechanical and heat hyperalgesia on 14th day in CCI-subjected rats. Administration of imatinib (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) significantly abolished the behavioural deficits (hyperalgesia and allodynia) induced by CCI in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The observed beneficial effects of imatinib in reduction of behavioral deficits in CCI-subjected rats may be possibly attributed to tyrosine kinase inhibition in dorsal root ganglia neurons associated with the neuropathic pain.
Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain that arise due to injury or a disease involving somatosensory systems such as traumatic injuries, inflammation, vascular disorders and autoimmune disease [1]. It has been observed that there are more than 30% people of general population affected by persisting pain, which often becomes pathological and debilitating [2] and around 7 in every 100 people over the world have chronic neuropathic pain [3]. The symptoms of neuropathic pain include numbness, tingling, spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, allodynia, dysthesia and other sensory abnormalities [4-6]. Depending on the location of nerve damage, there are different types of neuropathies including peripheral neuropathy, cranial neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, drug induced neuropathy and alcoholic neuropathy [7,8]. The therapeutic approaches for neuropathic pain management consist of calcium channel modulating drugs (gabapentin, pregabalin), tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, nortriptyline, lofepramine, duloxetine), opioids (morphine, oxycodone, propoxyphene) and serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (venlafaxine, duloxetine) as the first-line treatment options for neuropathic pain [9-11]. Recently neurostimulation techniques have also become apparent for the treatment of chronic pain, however effectiveness and safety is still limited, which strengthens the need for new targets to reduce the neuropathic pain. Imatinib mesylate is a selective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which can inhibit PDGF-R, BCR/Abl, c-KIT, c-fms, TCR/Abl, Lck, FLT-3 and MAPKs activities on various cell types [12]. Imatinib is one of the primary anti-cancer drugs for the traetment of chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumor [13, 14]. However, apart from anticancer activity, studies have shown its broad therapeutic potential in a number of CNS diseases including stroke, Alzheimer disease, spinal cord injury etc [15, 16]. Tyrosine kinases are the family of enzymes, which catalyze phosphorlyation of selected tyrosine residue of the target proteins using ATP. The proteins phosphorylation at tyrosine residues is critical in cellular signal transduction, neoplastic transformation and control of the mitotic cycle [17, 18]. It has been revealed that there are about 58 receptor tyrosinekinases (RTKs) and 32 non-receptor types (nRTKs) in the human genome [19]. RTK family includes epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs), platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor receptors (HGF/SF), ephrin receptors (Ephs), and the insulin receptors (IRs). Besides their roles as growth factor receptors and in progression of various cancers, these RTKs have been identified in onset and progression of neuropathic pain. In dorsal root of ganglia (DRG), which carry sensory neural signals from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system in neuropathic pain, three members of tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk) family, TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC have been identified [20, 21]. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory potential of imatinib in terms of reduction in the levels of cytokines and chemokines including IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 has also been reported [22]. These cytokines and chemokines play key role in inflammation and neuropathic pain by inducing changes in the sensory neurons in DRG and astrocytes. Recently, it has been shown that inhibition of FLT3 tyrosine kinase significantly alleviates neuropathic pain [23]. Katsursa et al (2006) demonstrate that activation of Src kinases in spinal microglia contribute to mechanical hypersenstivity following peripheral after nerve injury [24]. Chen found that Casein kinase 2 regulate N-methyl –D-asparate receptor activity in spinal cord and pain hypersensitivity induced by nerve injury [25]. The specific inhibition of IKB kinase has also been shown to reduce hyperalgesia in inflammation and neuropathic pain model in rats [26]. Considering the distribution of tyrosine kinase receptors in DRG, its possible association with neuropathic pain along with the broad therapeutic potential of imatinib, the present study was designed to investigate the potential of imatinib in neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury in rats.
Experimental animals and Drugs All experiments were performed in accordance with guidelines approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) (Reg. No. 1407/PO/Re/S/11CPCSEA). Sprague Dawley rats of either sex, weighing 200-250g were purchased from Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar. The animals were housed in the departmental animal house with standard laboratory conditions i.e. temperature, chow diet and normal cycle of 12 hours light and 12 hours dark. The care of the animals was carried out as per the guidelines of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on animals (CPCSEA) Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. Imatinib was procured from Laurus Labs Ltd., Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India and was dissolved in normal saline. It was freshly prepared before use. The doses of imatinib were selected on the basis of previously published studies [27-29].
Induction of Neuropathy pain by Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI)CCI was performed under anesthesia to induce neuropathic pain [30]. Intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) was used to anesthetize rats [31]. Following anesthesia, the hair of the rat’s lower back and thigh region were shaved carefully and the shaved area was sterilized with three alternate applications of 70% isopropyl alcohol and iodine solution. The cut was made in the left thigh to expose the sciatic nerve. Following exposure, the sciatic nerve was ligated with silk 4-0 thread at four sites with 1 mm gap with appropriate care. The ligation affected approximately 6 mm of nerve length [32]. The wound was closed with sutures in the muscle and the skin. The animal was then allowed to recover from surgery. All surgical procedures were carried out under normal sterile conditions.
Behavioral ExaminationsCold allodynia (Acetone test)Cold allodynia is an increased sensitivity to normal non-painful cold temperature and it is considered as a characteristic feature of neuropathic pain states. For the assessment of development of cold allodynia, 100µL of acetone was applied on the plantar surface of the paw with the help of appendroff pipette without touching the skin of animal. The response of rat to acetone was noted for 20s and was graded to a 4-point scale as defined by [33], i.e. 0: no reflex; 1: quick stamp, flick or withdrawal of paw; 2: repeated flicking or prolonged withdrawal; 3: repeated flicking with licking of the paw. This same procedure was repeated 3-4 times at 5 min gaps between the acetone applications and the individual scores noted in 20s interval were added to obtain a single score over a cumulative period of 60s. The minimum score was 0, while the maximum possible score was 9 [34].
Heat hyperalgesia (hot-plate test)The heat hyperalgesia is a useful pain index assessed by measuring the thermal nociceptive threshold on Eddy’s hot plate. The animals were placed on hot plate at temperature of 52.5±1.0°C and the withdrawal latency, in terms of jumping or licking of the hind paw was recorded in seconds. The cut-off time was maintained at 15 sec to avoid the injury to paw [35].
Mechanical hyperalgesia (Pin prick test)The assessment of mechanical hyperalgesia was done by pin prick test to detect a cutaneous pain sensation and to differentiate such sensations from pressure stimuli [36]. The rats were placed into the elevated mesh floored testing cage 15-30 minutes before measuring withdrawal thresholds. The injured surface of the hind paw was touched with the point of a bent gauge needle (at 90º to the syringe) at strength necessary to produce a reflex withdrawal response. The paw withdrawal duration (PWD) was recorded in seconds and the normal quick reflex withdrawal response was given the value of 0.6s.
Experimental ProtocolTotal six groups were employed in the present study with five animals in each group.
Group I: Normal group In normal control group, rats were not subjected to any treatment. The different behavioral tests, including the heat hyperalgesia, cold hyperalgesia and mechanical hyperalgesia were conducted on day 0 (a day before surgery) and 14th day (post- surgery).
Group II: Sham groupIn this group, rats were subjected to surgical procedure to expose the left sciatic nerve without any nerve ligation on day 1. The behavioral tests including the heat hyperalgesia, cold hyperalgesia and mechanical hyperalgesia were conducted before doing surgery on day 0 and conducted after surgery on day 14.
Group III: CCI ControlIn this group, rats were subjected to the surgical procedures to expose and ligate the left sciatic nerve on day 1 (day of surgery). The pain related all behavioral tests were performed at different time intervals as described in group II.
Group IV and V: Imatinib (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) In this group, imatinib (25 and 50 mg/kg) was administered in CCI subjected rats for 14 days starting from day 1 (day of surgery). The pain related behavioral tests were performed at different time intervals as described in group II.
Group VI: Imatinib per seImatinib (50 mg/kg) was administered in normal rats for 14 days. Further, the pain-related behavioral tests were performed at different time intervals as described in group II.
The results were expressed in mean ± S.D. The data of behavioral tests were analyzed using two-away ANOVA followed by Bonferonni’s post hoc test, using Graph pad prism version- 5.0 software. The P value 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Effects of imatinib on cold–allodynia (acetone drop test) in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic painChronic constriction injury resulted in significant development of cold allodynia on 14th day after surgery as compared to sham group (Figure 1) as measured by acetone drop test. Administration of imatinib (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p) for 14 days significantly attenuated CCI-induced cold allodynia as compared to sham group. The drug was shown produce its actions in a dose-dependent manner in CCI-subjected rats and the effect of imatinib at the dose 50 mg/kg was more significant than the corresponding dose 25 mg/kg. Per se administration of imatinib (50 mg/kg) did not modulate cold allodynia in normal rats.
Effects of pharmacological interventions on heat-hyperalgesia (hot plate test) in chronic constriction injury–induced neuropathic painChronic constriction injury significantly decreased the paw withdrawal latency in the hot plate test as compared to sham group (Figure 2), signifying the development heat hyperalgesia. Administration of imatinib (25 and 50 mg/kg i.p) for 14 days increased the latency of paw withdrawal in CCI-subjected rats in dose-dependent manner. Per se administration of imatinib did not modulate heat-related behavioral functions in normal rats.
Effects of pharmacological interventions on mechanical hyperalgesia (pin prick test) in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic painChronic constriction injury led to significant increase in paw withdrawal duration in response to pin prick test as compared to sham group (Figure 3), suggesting the development of mechanical hyperalgesia. Administration of imatinib (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p) for 14 days significantly attenuated the CCI–induced increase in withdrawal duration in a dose-dependent manner. Per se administration of imatinib did not modulate mechanical pain-related behavioral functions in normal rats.
The present study investigated the therapeutic potential of imatinib in an experimental model of neuropathic pain. The study employed chronic constriction injury (CCI) model to induce neuropathic pain [30,37]. CCI is a widely employed model of peripheral sciatic nerve to delineate the mechanisms involved in the development of pain and to explore new drugs for the amelioration of neuropathic pain [38]. In the present study, a significant increase in paw withdrawal response in cold allodynia test was observed in CCI-subjected rats on 14th day after surgery. Further, an increase in the paw withdrawal time during the pin prick test was also observed on the 14th day signifying the development of mechanical allodynia in CCI-subjected rats. Moreover, a decrease in the paw withdrawal time in the hot plate test suggested the development of heat allodynia on 14th day after surgery in CCI-subjected rats. The observed results are in consistent with the previous finding showing the development of neuropathic pain in CCI model [39-42].In the present study, administration of imatinib (25 and 50 mg/kg) for 14th days produced significant relief from CCI-induced pain in terms of decrease in heat allodynia, cold allodynia and mechanical allodynia in a dose-dependent manner. Imatinib significantly decreased the paw withdrawal response in the cold allodynia test in CCI-subjected rats on 14th day after surgery (Figure 1). Further, imatinib treatment significantly attenuated pin-prick evoked exaggerated pain response in terms of decrease in paw withdrawal time during pin prick test in CCI-subjected rats (Figure 2). In addition, imatinib treatment significantly increased the paw withdrawal time in the hot plate test, suggesting the normalization of pain behavioral alteration in CCI-subjected rats (Figure 3).
Figure 1: Effect of pharmacological interventions on chronic constriction injury-induced heat hyperalgesia assessed by hot plate test. Values are expressed as mean ± S.D., n=5 rats per group; Two- way ANOVA followed by Bonferonni ʼs post hoc test. ᵅp˂ 0.05 vs sham control, ᵇp˂0.05 vs chronic constriction injury
Figure 2: Effect of pharmacological interventions on chronic constriction injury-induced paw cold allodynia assessed by acetone drop test. Values are expressed as mean ± S.D., n=5 rats per group; Two- way ANOVA followed by Bonferonni ʼs post hoc test. ᵅp˂ 0.05 vs sham control, ᵇp˂0.05 vs chronic constriction injury
Figure 3: Effect of pharmacological interventions on chronic constriction injury-induced Values are expressed as mean ± S.D., n=5 rats per group; Two- way ANOVA followed by Bonferonni ʼs post hoc test. ᵅp˂ 0.05 vs sham control, ᵇp˂0.05 vs chronic constriction injury
Imatinib is a 2-phenyl amino pyrimidine derivative and is widely employed as an anti-cancer drug, preferably in chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumor [13, 14]. There have been studies showing the relationship between tyrosine kinase and neuropathic pain [43, 44]. Imatinib mesylate is a selective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which can inhibit PDGF-R, BCR/Abl, c-KIT, c-fms, TCR/Abl, Lck, FLT-3 and MAPKs activities on the various cell types [12]. It has also been demonstrated that TrkA expressed on the nociceptors are directly involved in nerve growth factor-induced hyperalgesia [20]. A study by Tender et al has shown that tyrosine kinase C has modulatory effect on neuropathic pain [44]. It has also been demonstrated PDGFR-β is located on the myelinated and non-myelinated nerves, dorsal root ganglion neurons and the spinal dorsal horn [45-47]. Further, PDGFR-β inhibition has also been shown to potentially reverse the already established allodynia and significantly enhance the effectiveness of morphine in neuropathic pain-subjected animals [48]. Considering the evidence of tyrosine kinases in neuropathic pain, it can be plausible to suggest that imatinib might have shown its beneficial effects in CCI-induced neuropathic pain through tyrosine kinase inhibition (Figure 4).
Figure 4: Summarized effects and possible mechanisms of imatinib in CCI-subjected rats
To best of our knowledge, it is the first research study depicting the pain attenuating potential of imatinib in neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, future studies are required to establish the pain attenuating potential of imatinib in other pain models and to delineate the signaling cascade involved in attenuating pain mechanisms of imatinib.
The authors have no conflict of interest
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
