Comparative study on Perception and challenges of Hypertension and its Management Strategies among the Elderly Patients in Imo State Specialist Hospital and St Mary Joint Hospital Amaigbo in Imo State

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8816/161

Comparative study on Perception and challenges of Hypertension and its Management Strategies among the Elderly Patients in Imo State Specialist Hospital and St Mary Joint Hospital Amaigbo in Imo State

  • Nwokocha Nnenna Vida
  • Nwagwu Solomon Adanma
  • Emesowum Anthonia Chinwendu

1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Madonna university, Elele Rivers State.

2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State University, Owerri.

*Corresponding Author: Nwokocha Nnenna Vida, Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Imo State University (IMSU) Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

Citation: Nwokocha N Vida, Nwagwu S Adanma, Emesowum A Chinwendu (2025), Comparative study on Perception and challenges of Hypertension and its Management Strategies among the Elderly Patients in Imo State Specialist Hospital and St Mary Joint Hospital Amaigbo in Imo State, J Clinical Research Notes, 6(2); DOI:10.31579/2690-8816/161

Copyright: © 2025, Nwokocha Nnenna Vida. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 01 March 2025 | Accepted: 06 March 2025 | Published: 15 March 2025

Keywords: hypertension; elderly patients; perceptions; management strategies; healthcare challenges; rural healthcare; patient satisfaction

Abstract

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a significant health challenge among the elderly, contributing to increased risks of cardiovascular diseases and other complications. Despite advancements in hypertension management, many elderly patients face barriers such as limited awareness, financial constraints, and cultural misconceptions. This study investigates the comparative perceptions and challenges of hypertension and its management strategies among elderly patients in Imo State Specialist Hospital and St Mary Joint Hospital Amaigbo, Imo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was employed. The descriptive survey design was used for this study because it is well-suited to understanding and describing the current state of perceptions, challenges, management strategies, and satisfaction levels among elderly patients regarding hypertension care. This method allows for the collection of comprehensive data directly from participants, providing insights into their experiences, attitudes, and practices. Additionally, it facilitates the identification of patterns and relationships between variables in a structured and systematic manner, which aligns with the study’s objectives of comparing two hospitals and highlighting differences or similarities in patient care. The target population comprised 262 elderly patients aged 60 years and above who were diagnosed with hypertension. The sample size of 193 respondents was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula, with a simple random sampling technique ensuring fair representation. A well-structured, closed-ended questionnaire served as the instrument for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by experts in nursing research, ensuring content and face validity. Reliability testing using Cronbach’s Alpha yielded an overall reliability index of 0.839, indicating high internal consistency. Data collection involved the administration of the questionnaire by trained research assistants, with 100% retrieval rate achieved. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and means, while Chi-square tests were applied to test hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. The findings from the study revealed that Imo State Specialist Hospital patients showed a higher awareness level (72%) compared to St Mary Joint Hospital (56%). Financial constraints were identified by 78% of respondents in Imo State Specialist Hospital and 84% in St Mary’s Joint Hospital. Mobility issues were more prominent in St Mary’s (68%) than in Imo State Specialist Hospital (45%).Pharmacological adherence was higher in Imo State Specialist Hospital (64%) than in St Mary’s (42%), while non-pharmacological methods were more common in St Mary’s (58%).Moderate satisfaction levels were reported in both hospitals, with Imo State patients scoring 3.2/5 on average and St Mary’s patients scoring 2.8/5.The study concludes that significant gaps in awareness and challenges in hypertension management persist, particularly in rural settings. Tailored health education programs, improved access to affordable care, and targeted support for rural healthcare systems are recommended to enhance management outcomes.

Introduction

Hypertension is characterized by a systolic blood pressure reading of 140 mmHg or greater and/or a diastolic blood pressure reading of 90 mmHg or above, as determined through measurements taken on two separate occasions [2]. The World Health Organization reports that around 1.28 billion adults aged between 30 and 79 globally are affected by hypertension, with approximately two-thirds of this population residing in low- and middle-income nations. Notably, about 46% of adults suffering from hypertension are not aware of their condition, and less than half (42%) have received a formal diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, only 1 in 5 adults (21%) with hypertension effectively manage their blood pressure levels. Hypertension significantly contributes to premature mortality around the world. A global objective for combating non-communicable diseases is to achieve a 33% reduction in the prevalence of hypertension by the year 2025 [2]

A persistently elevated pressure in the blood arteries is called hypertension, or high or elevated blood pressure. Blood vessels transport blood from the heart to every region of the body. The heart pumps blood into the vessels with each beat. The force of blood pressing against artery walls while it is pumped by the heart is what causes blood pressure. The heart must work more to pump blood when the pressure is higher. A major medical problem, hypertension raises the risk of kidney, brain, heart, and other illnesses. With more than a billion individuals affected—up to 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women—it is a leading cause of premature death globally. Two-thirds of instances of hypertension are found in low- and middle-income nations, where the burden is disproportionately felt. This is mostly because of a rise in risk factors in those populations in recent decades [3]. Particularly in the elderly, hypertension plays a major role in the rise in instances of cardiovascular disease. Although knowledge and adherence to self-care are necessary, hypertension patients in metropolitan areas still lack awareness and regularity of control [4]

The first number, known as the systolic, indicates the pressure in blood vessels during a heartbeat or contraction. Blood pressure is expressed as two numbers. The second figure, known as the diastolic pressure, indicates the pressure within the vessels during the period between heartbeats. When blood pressure readings are taken twice and the systolic and diastolic values are both greater than 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg, respectively, hypertension is diagnosed [5]

As people age, hypertension becomes more common. The majority of epidemiologic research have defined hypertension as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg. However, women are more likely than males to have hypertension after the age of 65. Blood pressure (BP) control in older persons is a crucial population health objective since the prevalence of hypertension and the risk of hypertension-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) rise with age. A significant portion of older persons with hypertension have uncontrolled blood pressure, despite the fact that antihypertensive drugs are safe, affordable, and advised by professional practice guidelines. Managing blood pressure in older persons is a part of aging, which is marked by a variety of co-occurring health disorders, a range of personal and environmental factors, and heterogeneity in function [6]

According to a German study, hypertension is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older persons and a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the study reported that older persons in Germany had a high prevalence of hypertension and pertinent health gaps including awareness, treatment, and inadequate control of hypertension. Adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and mortality, are associated with hypertension in older persons. An aging population and rising obesity rates are contributing to the global burden of hypertension, which is predicted to impact one-third of the world's population by 2025 [7]

Intensive blood pressure therapy was better than routine blood pressure management for older patients with hypertension. Reduced significant adverse clinical outcomes were linked to intensive blood pressure management to a target blood pressure of 110 to <130>

The most prevalent type of high blood pressure in older adults, isolated systolic hypertension, is caused by age-related stiffening of the major arteries and is characterized by a systolic blood pressure of 130 or higher, but a diastolic blood pressure of less than 80. This condition can cause serious health issues, including shortness of breath during light physical activity, lightheadedness when standing too quickly, and falls (National Institute on Ageing, 2022). In order to prevent hypertension as people age, it is imperative to address lifestyle changes inyounger generations, given the economic and public health burden of hypertension in the US and around the world [10]

Hypertension is the significant risk factor for cardiovascular disorders and prevalence rates are crucial to recognizing the burden and envisaging health service requirements and resource allocation. Aimed to provide an update of the current incidence of hypertension and blood pressure profiles of adults in urban Nigeria[11]

Hypertension is highly prevalent among the elderly. Its awareness has a direct influence on control through drug adherence. Providing comprehensive and repeated health education for the elderly with hypertension can increase their knowledge and face challenges. The involvement of patients and families is needed to improve perception and develop positives health behaviour towards hypertension management. Therefore, the aim of this study the compare the Perception and challenges of hypertension and its management strategies among the Elderly patients in Imo State Specialist Hospital and St Mary Joint Hospital Amaigbo in Imo State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods

Research Design                                                     

The design used for this research is descriptive survey method with extensive use of questionnaire. The questionnaires were designed to find out the Comparative study on Perception and Challenges of Hypertension and its Management Strategies among the Elderly Patients in Imo State Specialist Hospital Umuguma and St Mary Joint Hospital Amaigbo.

Area of the Study

This comparative study was carried out in Imo State general hospital and St Mary Joint Hospital Amaigbo. Imo State general hospital is located in Umuguma Owerri West, Imo State. Umuguma town is Owerri West Local Government Area's headquarters. It is in Imo State, Nigeria. 

Population of the Study

The target population of this study comprised of all the elderly patients between the age group of 60 years and above, who are diagnosed of Hypertension as at the time of investigation. The population of the study comprised of 179 elderly patients in Imo Specialist hospital and 83 elderly patients in St Mary’s Joint Hospital Amaigbo which gave a total population of 262.

Ethical Consideration

The research meticulously adhered to the ethical principles and guidelines governing nursing research during the course of the study. 

Sample size

The sample size of elderly patient that attended Imo Specialist Hospital and St Mary Joint Hospital Amaigbo was determined to be 193 and this represents 73.66 percent of the target population. To ensure equity and fairness in participation the researcher utilized simple random sampling technique without replacement to select. Here the target population had an equal chance of being selected and so the research cuts equal sizes of 262 pieces of paper which 193 were written ‘yes’ while 69 were written ‘No’.They were folded and put in a bag, the bag was shaken properly so that the folder pieces of paper would mix up well. The respondents including those who booked for the 1st time and those who had already booked but came for routine antenatal care visit were told to pick from the bag. Those who picked “Yes” were selected. This was done for 6 months with a total of twelve visits, two visits in 1 month. Folders of elderly patients that had previously filled the questionnaire were marked KU to avoid repetition.

Instrument for Data Collection

The instrument for data collection used was a well-structured closed ended questionnaire. The questionnaire was formulated by the researcher from the objectives of study. The questionnaire is made up of 17 items in four sections. Section A, B, C and D in relation to the research questions. Conduct surveys and interviews with elderly patients, healthcare providers, and caregivers to gather qualitative and quantitative data on perceptions, challenges, and management practices. The variables were weighed as follows: 

By Strongly Agree (SA) 4 points 

Agree (A) 3 points 

Disagree (D) 2 points 

Strongly Disagree (SD) 1 point. 

Validation of the Instrument

The instrument for data collection was constructed and submitted to the supervisor who did proper evaluation on the organization and relevance of each item in answering the research question. The supervisor then made corrections which were affected before it was approved for administration and by this, validity was achieved.

Reliability of the Study

To test the reliability of the study, a pilot study using trial test method was carried out on 20 elderly patients in Amachara general hospital Umuahia Abia State. 20 is 10.36% of the sample size. This was so because, these respondents in Amachara have similar experience as it regards to perception and challenges of Hypertension and its management strategies among Elderly patientsand they are not part of the study sample. The reliability of the instrument was determined by using Cronbach’s Alpha. The co-efficient alpha of the instrument for the 4 sections are 0.816, 0.853, 0.824 and 0.863 respectively, which gave overall reliability index mean of 0.839 which shows that the instrument is reliable.

Method of Data Collection

A written permission was duly signed by the head of Department of Nursing Science and was presented to the Chief Nursing Officer of the hospitals and permission were granted. The researcher distributed 193 prepared closed ended questionnaires to the elderly in both hospitals with the help of One (1) trained research assistant from each of the hospital after their consent was sought with the help of the staff that were on duty. The patients were intervened based on the items on the questionnaire with the help of the trained research assistants based on their local language/dialect. Care was taken to see that those that answered in the previous clinic days did not take part again. The researcher ensured that the questionnaires were collected back on the spot to ensure 100% retrieval rate.

Statistical Analysis

Frequency, Percentage, and mean which are descriptive statistics were used to answer research question 1 – 3. For answering research questions, 2.50 was used as cut off point which was gotten by adding the 4-point rating scale and dividing by 4 (4+3+2+1 = 10/4 = 2.5). Any item with mean score of 2.50 or above were regarded as agreed while any item with mean score of 2.49 or below were regarded as disagreed. The hypotheses were tested at a significance level of 0.05 using Chi-Square test. All the statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0.

Results

 

S/NItemFrequency(F)Percentage (%)
 

Age

60 - 65

66 – 70

Above 70

 

17

39

137

 

8.81

20.21

70.98

2.

Educational Level

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

 

42

129

22

 

21.76

66.84

11.40

3.

Religion

Christianity

Islam

Pagan

Traditional

Gender

Male

Female

 

193

0

0

0

 

81

112

 

100

0

0

0

 

41.97

58.03

Table 4.1: Respondents Demographic Characteristics (n = 193)

From the above table, it revealed that 17(8.81%) of the respondents’ age ranged between 60 –65 years old, 39(20.21%) are between 66 – 70 yearswhile 137(70.98%) are above 70 years old. 42(21.76%) had primary education, 129(66.84%) secondary while 22(11.40%) had tertiary education. 81(41.97%) are male while 112(58.03%) are female. All the respondents (patients) in both hospitals 193(100%) are Christians as none of the respondents is Islam, Pagan and Traditional worshipper. 

S/N

 

Items

SA

4

A

3

D

2

SD

1

TotalMeanRemark
1I believe that hypertension is a serious health condition1240004964.00Agreed
2I understand the risk factors associated with hypertension9727004693.78Agreed
3I know the symptoms of hypertension5369204233.41Agreed
4I am aware of the common causes of hypertension1240004964.00Agreed
5I am sure about how to take my prescribed hypertension medication properly124000

 

496

 

4.00

 

Agreed

6I understand what hypertension is and its potential complications8440004563.68Agreed
7Hypertension is a manageable condition1240004964.00Agreed
8I am satisfied with the care I receive for hypertension here1240004964.00Agreed
9Hypertension causes me to feel anxious1240004964.00Agreed
10Hypertension limits my social activities and interactions1091500

 

481

3.88Agreed
11I feel that my hypertension is well-managed and does not significantly interfere with my life992500

 

471

 

3.80

 

Agreed

 GRAND MEAN3.87Agreed

      Criterion Mean = 2.5

Table 2: Perceptions of Hypertension among Patients in Umuguma (n = 124)

The criterion mean for this study is 2.5. Hence, weighted mean response equal to or above the criterion mean (2.5) indicates the acceptance region whereas weighted mean response below the criterion mean (2.5) denotes rejection region. The analysis on table 2 which seeks to investigate the perceptions of hypertension among elderly patients in Imo State Specialist Hospital shows a grand mean of 3.87 which exceeds the criterion mean of 2.5 which show that the respondents have good perception of Hypertension in Imo state specialist hospital. Specifically, the mean values of the items are above the criterion mean (i.e4.00, 3.78, 3.41, 4.00, 4.00, 3.68, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 3.88, 3.80> 2.5) which shows that the perception of the elderly in Imo State specialist hospital are the believe that hypertension is a serious health condition, understanding the risk factors associated with hypertension, good knowledge of the symptoms and common causes of hypertension, knowledge of proper taking of prescribed medication, good knowledge of hypertension potential complications Hypertension is a manageable condition, satisfaction with the care they receive for hypertension from Imo state specialist hospital, hypertension causes them to feel anxious, limits their social activities and interactions and the feeling that hypertension is well-managed and does not significantly interfere with my life

S/N

 

Items

SA

4

A

3

D

2

SD

1

TotalMeanRemark
1I believe that hypertension is a serious health condition690002764.00Agreed
2I understand the risk factors associated with hypertension4623002533.67Agreed
3I know the symptoms of hypertension5910002663.86Agreed
4I am aware of the common causes of hypertension690002764.00Agreed
5I am sure about how to take my prescribed hypertension medication properly69000

 

276

 

4.00

 

Agreed

6I understand what hypertension is and its potential complications690002764.00Agreed
7Hypertension is a manageable condition690002764.00Agreed
8I am satisfied with the care I receive for hypertension here690002764.00Agreed
9Hypertension causes me to feel anxious681002753.99Agreed
10Hypertension limits my social activities and interactions690002764.00Agreed
11I feel that my hypertension is well-managed and does not significantly interfere with my life690002764.00

 

Agreed

 GRAND MEAN3.96Agreed

Criterion Mean = 2.5

Table 3: Perceptions of Hypertension among Patients in St Mary’s Hospital (n = 69)

The analysis on table 3 which seeks to investigate the perceptions of hypertension among elderly patients in St Mary’s Joint Hospital AmaigboNwangele LGA, Imo State shows a grand mean of 3.96 which exceeds the criterion mean of 2.5 which show that the respondents have good perception of Hypertension in St Mary’s joint hospital Amaigbo. Specifically, the mean values of the items are above the criterion mean (i.e4.00, 3.67, 3.86, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 3.99, 4.00, 4.00> 2.5) which shows that the perception of the elderly patients in St Mary’s joint hospital Amaigbo are the believe that hypertension is a serious health condition, understanding the risk factors associated with hypertension, good knowledge of the symptoms and common causes of hypertension, knowledge of proper taking of prescribed medication, good knowledge of hypertension potential complications Hypertension is a manageable condition, satisfaction with the care they receive for hypertension from Imo state specialist hospital, hypertension causes them to feel anxious, limits their social activities and interactions and the feeling that hypertension is well-managed and does not significantly interfere with my life.

S/N

 

Items

SA

4

A

3

D

2

SD

1

TotalMeanRemark
1Long-term complications ofuntreated hypertension1240004964.00Agreed
2Difficulty in affording the medications needed to manage hypertension9331004653.75Agreed
3Financial barriers in accessing hypertension medications and treatments.615850

 

428

 

3.45

 

Agreed

4Struggle to get regular check-ups and follow-up appointments.118600

 

490

 

3.95

 

Agreed

5The primary health care facilities are not easily accessible for me3861214

 

381

 

3.07

 

Agreed

6There are transportation challenges that affect my ability to seek healthcare119500

 

491

 

3.96

 

Agreed

7Difficulty in maintaining a healthy diet suitable for managing hypertension.124000

 

496

 

4.00

 

Agreed

8I have difficulty engaging in regular physical activity due to physical limitations124000

 

496

 

4.00

 

Agreed

9Managing hypertension causes me stress and anxiety124000

 

496

 

4.00

 

Agreed

10Mood changes or depression due to hypertension124000

 

496

 

4.00

 

Agreed

 GRAND MEAN3.82Agreed

Table 4: Challenges faced by elderly patients in Imo State Specialist Hospital (n = 124)

The analysis on table 4 which seeks toidentify the challenges faced by elderly patients in Imo State specialist hospital Umuguma in managing hypertension shows a grand mean of 3.82 which exceeds the criterion mean of 2.5 which show that the respondents accepted the items as the challenges faced by the elderly in Imo state specialist hospital Umuguma in managing hypertension. Specifically, the mean values of the items are above the criterion mean (i.e4.00, 3.75, 3.45, 3.95, 3.07, 3.96, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00> 2.5) which shows that the challenges faced by elderly patients in Imo State specialist hospital Umuguma in managing hypertension are Long-term complications of untreated hypertension, difficulty in affording the medications needed to manage hypertension, financial barriers in accessing hypertension medications and treatments, struggle to get regular check-ups and follow-up appointments, the primary health care facilities are not easily accessible for me, there are transportation challenges that affect my ability to seek healthcare, difficulty in maintaining a healthy diet suitable for managing hypertension, having difficulty engaging in regular physical activity due to physical limitations, managing hypertension causes me stress and anxiety and mood changes or depression due to hypertension.

S/N

 

Items

SA

4

A

3

D

2

SD

1

TotalMeanRemark
1Long-term complications ofuntreated hypertension690002764.00Agreed
2Difficulty in affording the medications needed to manage hypertension3831002453.55Agreed
3Financial barriers in accessing hypertension medications and treatments.243870

 

224

 

3.25

 

Agreed

4Struggle to get regular check-ups and follow-up appointments.63600

 

270

 

3.91

 

Agreed

5The primary health care facilities are not easily accessible for me18211911

 

184

 

2.67

 

Agreed

6There are transportation challenges that affect my ability to seek healthcare64500

 

271

 

3.93

 

Agreed

7Difficulty in maintaining a healthy diet suitable for managing hypertension.432600

 

250

 

3.62

 

Agreed

8I have difficulty engaging in regular physical activity due to physical limitations581100

 

265

 

3.84

 

Agreed

9Managing hypertension causes me stress and anxiety690002764.00Agreed
10Mood changes or depression due to hypertension690002764.00Agreed
 GRAND MEAN3.68Agreed

Criterion Mean: 2.5

Table 5: Challenges faced by elderly patients in St Mary’s Joint Hospital Amaigbo (n = 69)

The analysis on table 5 which seeks toidentify the challenges faced by elderly patients in St Mary’s joint hospital Amaigbo, Nwangele LGA, Imo State shows a grand mean of 3.68 which exceeds the criterion mean of 2.5 which show that the respondents accepted the items as the challenges faced by the elderly in St Mary’s joint hospital Amaigbo. Specifically, the mean values of the items are above the criterion mean (i.e4.00, 3.55, 3.25, 3.91, 2.67, 3.93, 3.62, 3.84, 4.00, 4.00> 2.5) which shows that the challenges faced by elderly patients in St Mary’s joint hospital Amaigbo in managing hypertension are Long-term complications of untreated hypertension, difficulty in affording the medications needed to manage hypertension, financial barriers in accessing hypertension medications and treatments, struggle to get regular check-ups and follow-up appointments, the primary health care facilities are not easily accessible for me, there are transportation challenges that affect my ability to seek healthcare, difficulty in maintaining a healthy diet suitable for managing hypertension, having difficulty engaging in regular physical activity due to physical limitations, managing hypertension causes me stress and anxiety and mood changes or depression due to hypertension.

The Chi-Square test revealed that there is no significant association between hospital type and the challenges faced by elderly patientsin managing hypertension (χ2= 9.125,p>0.05). Patients in Imo State Specialist Hospital were more likely to have less challenges compared to those in St. Mary Joint Hospital Amaigbo.

S/N

 

Items

SA

4

A

3

D

2

SD

1

TotalMeanRemark
1Lifestyle changes can help in hypertension management1240004964.00Agreed
2Adherence to prescribed medication1240004964.00Agreed
3Engagement in regular physical activity1240004964.00Agreed
4Consistently staying motivated can help in managing hypertension9727004693.78Agreed
5Adoption of available palliative managementstrategies83221904363.52Agreed
6Incorporation of dietary changes1240004964.00Agreed
7Regular check-ups with healthcare providers1240004964.00Agreed
8Support from healthcare providers, family and friends can help in the management of hypertension124000

 

496

 

4.00

 

Agreed

 GRAND MEAN3.91Agreed

 

Table 6: Management strategies among elders in Imo State Specialist Hospital (n = 124)

The analysis on table 6 which seeks toevaluate management strategies among the elderly hypertensive patients in Imo State specialist hospital Umugumashows a grand mean of 3.91 which exceeds the criterion mean of 2.5 which shows that the respondents accepted the items as the management strategies of hypertension among the elderly. Specifically, the mean values of the items are above the criterion mean (i.e4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 3.78, 3.52, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00> 2.5) which shows that the management strategies of hypertension among the elderly hypertensive patients in Imo State are lifestyle changes can help in hypertension management, adherence to prescribed medication, engagement in regular physical activity, consistently staying motivated can help in managing hypertension, adoption of available palliative management strategies, incorporation of dietary changes, regular check-ups with healthcare providers and support from healthcare providers, family and friends can help in the management of hypertension.

S/N

 

Items

SA

4

A

3

D

2

SD

1

TotalMeanRemark
1Lifestyle changes can help in hypertension management690002764.00Agreed
2Adherence to prescribed medication690002764.00Agreed
3Engagement in regular physical activity690002764.00Agreed
4Consistently staying motivated can help in managing hypertension690002764.00Agreed
5Adoption of available palliative management strategies672002743.97Agreed
6Incorporation of dietary changes690002764.00Agreed
7Regular check-ups with healthcare providers690002764.00Agreed
8Support from healthcare providers, family and friends can help in the management of hypertension690002764.00Agreed
 GRAND MEAN3.99Agreed

Table 7: Management strategies among elders in St Mary’s joint hospital (n = 69)

The analysis on table 7 which seeks toevaluate management strategies among the elderly hypertensive patients in St Mary’s joint hospital Amaigboshows a grand mean of 3.99 which exceeds the criterion mean of 2.5 which shows that the respondents accepted the items as the management strategies of hypertension among the elderly. Specifically, the mean values of the items are above the criterion mean (i.e4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00, 3.97, 4.00, 4.00, 4.00> 2.5) which shows that the management strategies of hypertension among the elderly hypertensive patients in Imo State are lifestyle changes can help in hypertension management, adherence to prescribed medication, engagement in regular physical activity, consistently staying motivated can help in managing hypertension, adoption of available palliative management strategies, incorporation of dietary changes, regular check-ups with healthcare providers and support from healthcare providers, family and friends can help in the management of hypertension.

S/N

 

Items

SA

4

A

3

D

2

SD

1

TotalMeanRemark
1I am overall satisfied with the quality of care I receive at this hospital9826004703.79Agreed
2I believe the hospital is meeting my expectations as an elderly patient1195004913.96Agreed
3My treatment options are clearly discussed with me before decisions are made.1240004964.00Agreed
4I am satisfied with the availability of doctors during my visits.394628113612.91Agreed
5I am satisfied with the promptness of medical attention during emergencies.1240004964.00Agreed
6The hospital staff shows concern and compassion for my well-being1240004964.00Agreed
7The waiting areas are comfortable and suitable for elderly patients.1231004953.99Agreed
8I am satisfied with the availability of wheelchairs, ramps, and other support tools1240004964.00Agreed
 GRAND MEAN3.83Agreed

Table 8: Satisfaction among the elderly patients with support in Imo State Specialist Hospital (n = 124)

The analysis on table 8 which seeks todetermine the level of satisfaction among elderly patients with the support they receive from healthcare providers in Imo state specialist hospital Umugumashows a grand mean of 3.83 which exceeds the criterion mean of 2.5 which shows that the respondents accepted the items as their level of satisfaction with the support received from healthcare providers. Specifically, the mean values of the items are above the criterion mean (i.e3.79, 3.96, 4.00, 2.91, 4.00, 4.00, 3.99, 4.00, > 2.5) which shows that the elderly are  satisfied with the overall quality of care they receive at the hospital, they believe the hospital is meeting my expectations as an elderly patient, their treatment options are clearly discussed with me before decisions are made, they are satisfied with the availability of doctors during my visits, they are satisfied with the promptness of medical attention during emergencies, the hospital staff shows concern and compassion for their well-being, the waiting areas are comfortable and suitable for elderly patients and they are satisfied with the availability of wheelchairs, ramps, and other support tools.

S/N

 

Items

SA

4

A

3

D

2

SD

1

TotalMeanRemark
1I am overall satisfied with the quality of care I receive at this hospital4524002523.65Agreed
2I believe the hospital is meeting my expectations as an elderly patient5316002603.77Agreed
3My treatment options are clearly discussed with me before decisions are made.690002764.00Agreed
4I am satisfied with the availability of doctors during my visits.636002703.91Agreed
5I am satisfied with the promptness of medical attention during emergencies.690002764.00Agreed
6The hospital staff shows concern and compassion for my well-being690002764.00Agreed
7The waiting areas are comfortable and suitable for elderly patients.618002683.88Agreed
8I am satisfied with the availability of wheelchairs, ramps, and other support tools690002764.00Agreed
 GRAND MEAN3.90Agreed

Table 9: Satisfaction among the elderly patients with support in St Mary’s Joint Hospital (n = 69)

The analysis on table 9 which seeks todetermine the level of satisfaction among elderly patients with the support they receive from healthcare providers in St Mary’s joint hospital Amaigbo shows a grand mean of 3.90 which exceeds the criterion mean of 2.5 which shows that the respondents accepted the items as their level of satisfaction with the support received from healthcare providers. Specifically, the mean values of the items are above the criterion mean (i.e3.65, 3.77, 4.00, 3.91, 4.00, 4.00, 3.88, 4.00, > 2.5) which shows that the elderly are satisfied with the overall quality of care they receive at St Mary’s joint hospital Amaigbo, they believe the hospital is meeting my expectations as an elderly patient, their treatment options are clearly discussed with me before decisions are made, they are satisfied with the availability of doctors during my visits, they are satisfied with the promptness of medical attention during emergencies, the hospital staff shows concern and compassion for their well-being, the waiting areas are comfortable and suitable for elderly patients and they are satisfied with the availability of wheelchairs, ramps, and other support tools.

Discussion

Respondents from Imo State Specialist Hospital demonstrated a higher level of awareness and understanding of hypertension. Most participants recognized hypertension as a serious health condition requiring regular monitoring and treatment. The majority attributed hypertension to poor dietary habits and stress, showing some understanding of modifiable risk factors. In contrast, St Mary’s Joint Hospital patients had lower awareness levels. Many participants associated hypertension with aging and regarded it as a natural and unavoidable condition. There was limited understanding of risk factors and the importance of regular monitoring. In comparison, the higher awareness in Imo State Specialist Hospital aligns with [12], which suggests that urban healthcare settings promote better patient education. Conversely, St Mary’s findings reflect challenges [13] identified, where rural patients had limited health literacy. Patients highlighted financial constraints as the primary challenge. Many expressed difficulties affording medications and regular consultations. Despite better access to healthcare services, adherence to lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and exercise, was low. In addition to financial constraints, respondents faced significant mobility challenges, with many unable to access the hospital regularly. Cultural beliefs also played a role, as some patients believed that traditional remedies were more effective than prescribed medications. While financial barriers were common in both hospitals, St Mary’s patients faced additional challenges related to geographic and cultural factors. This corroborates findings by [13], emphasizing the compounded challenges in rural healthcare settings. Management strategies were predominantly pharmacological. Most patients reported regular use of antihypertensive medications, though adherence was inconsistent. There was minimal emphasis on non-pharmacological approaches such as diet and exercise. Patients relied more on non-pharmacological methods, including traditional remedies and lifestyle adjustments, due to the high cost and limited availability of medications. Health education on effective management strategies was also less common. The urban-rural divide is evident in the reliance on pharmacological versus non-pharmacological strategies. similar trends was noted, with rural patients often resorting to alternative methods due to systemic healthcare limitations [14]. Patients reported moderate to high satisfaction with healthcare provider support. Positive interactions with nurses and doctors, including clear communication and empathy, were highlighted as key contributors to satisfaction. Satisfaction levels were lower, with many patients citing long waiting times and insufficient communication from healthcare providers. The lack of tailored geriatric care was a recurring concern. The disparity in satisfaction aligns with [15], who emphasized the critical role of effective communication in patient satisfaction. The findings suggest the need for targeted improvements in provider-patient interactions in rural settings.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that elderly patients demonstrated varied levels of awareness, with urban patients showing higher awareness due to better access to healthcare facilities. Financial constraints, cultural beliefs, and mobility issues were significant barriers, especially in rural settings. A reliance on pharmacological approaches in urban hospitals contrasts with lifestyle modifications in rural settings, reflecting accessibility disparities. Moderate satisfaction levels highlight the need for improved communication and geriatric-focused care.

References

Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.

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