Application of Problem-based Teaching in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology of career Medicine

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/719

Application of Problem-based Teaching in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology of career Medicine

  • Rebeca Zayas Adasha
  • Adania S. Guanche Martínez
  • Damasa Irene López Santa Cruz *

Institute of Sciences Basic and Preclinical Sciences and Faculty of Sciences Victoria de Girón Medical Center. Havana, Cuba.

*Corresponding Author: Damasa Irene López Santa Cruz, Institute of Sciences Basic and Preclinical Sciences and Faculty of Sciences Victoria de Girón Medical Center. Havana, Cuba.

Citation: Rebeca Zayas Adasha, Adania S. Guanche Martínez, Damasa Irene López Santa Cruz, (2025), Application of Problem-based Teaching in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology of career Medicine, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, 24(3); DOI:10.31579/2690-4861/719

Copyright: © 2025, Damasa Irene López Santa Cruz. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: 20 February 2025 | Accepted: 03 March 2025 | Published: 22 March 2025

Keywords: zeolite; squalene; vaseline; itching; inflammation; skin lesion

Abstract

Introduction: The application of Problem-based Teaching requires teaching skills to identify content contradictions and create problematic situations, so that they are assimilated by students as teaching problems which will be solved in class, while they assimilate new knowledge. In the subject of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology belonging to the Diagnostic Media discipline, at the Victoria de Girón Faculty, this approach, of proven effectiveness, had not been systematically used. 

Objective: 

To explain the methodological work path that allowed the application of Problem-based Teaching, in the subject of Medical Mycology, of the subject of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, based on the results of previous research. 

Methods: Through the inductive-deductive method and documentary analysis, the teachers of this subject assimilated previous experiences, which allowed them to apply a consistent teaching-methodological work, in order to bring this type of teaching to their classes, with the application of a methodological system to develop didactic-descriptive guides, as models to develop the classes. 

Results: The methodological work used allowed the group to prepare guides for the conferences and practical classes, which would allow them to apply Problematic Teaching, by adapting an established methodological system to the conditions the higher level, in Medical Sciences. 

Conclusions: It was demonstrated that to use Problematic Teaching, a methodological work must be developed that organizes the identification of contradictions and the writing of teaching problems, to develop classes with the use of the categories and methods of this didactic conception.

Introduction

Since the creation of the Institute of Sciences Basic and Preclinical Victoria de Girón (ICBP) in 1962, the designs curricular in science courses​​ Female doctors have gone perfecting and the teachers they have reached remarkable experiences in the development of Educational Didactics​ Doctor, in the purpose of achieving higher quality in the training of professionals for care primary health and raising​ the level scientist of his students. [1]

This improvement in Teaching​ Medical has been nourished by results theoretical and practical contributed by research educational in the different levels educational, both from Cuba and others contexts foreigners, which has required an update constant in preparation​ methodological of the teachers. [2]

At the same time time, Teaching Medical demands that the students assimilate, not only the knowledge, but also others elements of the teaching content, such as attitudes,​ feelings and the approaches ideological , among others values , which contributes to the establishment of relationships consistent between the knowledge basic and those of the area clinic , and this has to occur from the first years academics , as they understand it​ the professionals in the fields of education sciences Medical, and that is how we work so that the students are motivated by carry out an apprenticeship aware of the teaching content , in​ the process teaching-educational.[3]

However, the collective pedagogical of the subject of Microbiology and Parasitology Doctor at the ICBP Victoria de Girón in the last courses schoolchildren permission appreciating that many students who showed themselves selfless by the disciplines of science basic , by not warning appropriately the relationships of theory with practice medical , which caused a lack of motivation , reinforced by adopting the habit of learning by heart​ the concepts that were made known at the conferences , so they were not trained systems coherent knowledge , nor were they integrated with the remaining contents of others subjects of the same cycle essential.

In fact, in this Microbiology and Parasitology subject​ Medical has to be generated a relationship theoretical-practical further narrow, because brand a transition between the knowledge theorists and their application in the functions of prevention, diagnosis, cure and rehabilitation of the patients, in the case disease - specific originated by agents biological, and in this sense, must exist an expectation by part of the students, by to start in aspects core of its career [4]

This important relating function​ the knowledge theorists with their application in practice​ medical and achieve it through work​ methodological supported in the Didactics of Education Medical, committed to the teachers of this subject, starting in 2017, to be developed in the classes, conceptions didactics that were proven​ effectiveness in the formation of thought investigative, so necessary for the activity of the comprehensive general practitioner. From this problem methodological, the Professors of Microbiology and Parasitology Doctor, they started a work in favor of the employment of Teaching Problem, which, supported in the themselves principles of Didactics, was recognized in Cuba and others areas educational, by his effectiveness in assimilation, by​ the students, of knowledge solid and durable, although there was no enough research examples​ educational for the purposes of fostering relationships theoretical-practical.

In this sense it was decided that, when applying this type of teaching, could achieve improvement​ in the study aware of the futures doctors, from their own lectures and classes practices, in order to achieve motivations by assimilate the items theorists and see his relationship with the practice of your application to the clinic [5,6]

When carrying out a review of research papers​ educational developed with the Teaching employment​ Problematic, from its​ introduction In Cuba, in 1984[7], there were many contributions to the enrichment of their theory, so as confirmation of his​ utility in the process of assimilation of the knowledge in the classrooms of General Education. To the very time, they met in the bibliography contributions referring to skills teachers for their development, for what was missing investigate as could be checked its value in the development of all the members of the teaching content in Education​ Medical and in subjects of the comprehensive general physician training, from the science studies​ basic. [8]

Precisely , the definition of Teaching Problem adopted in this work , and that is based in the description of how This class is developed , allowed​ understand the significance of the revelation of contradictions , which made him identify himself precisely as an obstacle he finding of those items opposites of the teaching content , as well as the way to reveal them to the students at conferences and so on as others forms of organization of teaching , in order to create situations problematic , which are considered as he central link of this conception didactic . This definition raises:

“The Teaching Problematic is one conception of the process teaching-educational in which​ the students face the​​ aspects opposites of the object of study, revealed by the teacher and the assimilate as issues teachers, whose solution is made through tasks cognitive and questions that contain also elements of problematicity, with which they appropriate them new knowledge, in his dynamic, through the use of​ methods teaching problems.” [9]

When considering this made in light of the Didactics of Education Medical , first of all it was necessary to start from research educational previous to organize he work system​ methodological further appropriate in the field of Education Medical , in order to achieve his fit for purpose agreed, through work​ teaching-research, which was not to lead the students to solve problems applying knowledge already assimilated to situations new, as it had been conceived this type of teaching previously, (10] but motivate the​ students to the discovery of the knowledge new and that these were related, the most possible, to the actions practices of the doctor, to diagnose, to explain to the patients and family members about the entity pathological, indicate treatments, give them follow-up and feeling useful as Medical professionals, from​ his own training basic . [11]

For this, it was necessary to do a job methodological solid, supported in theory and in​ the research results​ precedents.

The objective of this article It is precisely to explain the way used to organize and develop this job methodological that allowed the application of the Teaching Problem in lectures and classes practices of Topic III of Mycology Medical subject​ Microbiology and Parasitology Medical, based on the research results​ previous.

Therefore, this​ collective considered that the job methodological started, would extend throughout the school year for everyone the topics of the subject, during he which would be made the documents that would be used as models, and in other investigation related to the results of this job methodological, would be taken to the classrooms, the classes So prepared, in order to check his effectiveness.

Methods

The work methodological was developed in the Media Department​ Diagnostics , from the Faculty of Sciences Victoria de Girón Medical School, throughout the 2017-2018 school year, by teachers who constitute he collective of the subject of Microbiology and Parasitology Doctor, with the purpose of conceiving and developing the classes by Teaching Problem in different forms of organization of the process educational-teaching, based on Topic III Mycology Medical, to subsequently develop an​ investigation educational, in the successive courses schoolchildren, having in note that the registration and the number of groups fluctuates, in correspondence with dissimilar people factors .[11]

Through the documentary analysis method and consultation techniques​ to specialists, confronted each other the requirements prior to carrying out the transformations relevant in the conception of the process teaching-educational, which they assumed modify the work styles​ teacher to create new classes in which I had to underlying the problematic, as relationship rational between the known and the unknown. [12,13]

Through the method inductive-deductive were studied experiences previous about the Teaching employment​ Problem originated in the same center, so that it would be carried out a decision relevant to the characteristics of the topics , their objectives, the potential of the groups to assimilate these changes and others factors [13] and were searched for others publications referring to the contributions obtained through research pedagogical previous ones, which contributed to the enrichment theoretical and practical of this conception didactics .[14]

The relevance of assuming was estimated a methodology already existing , taken from an investigation educational with primary groups , in​ science subjects , to develop classes with this approach , and achieve the drafting of instruments called guides didactic- descriptive classes by Teaching Problematic [15,16] and through the method analytical-synthetic , an adjustment was made to the categories and the methods of this type of teaching , which facilitated he management methodological contributions​ background referring to your application to practice .

It was adopted as the definition of Teaching is valid Problem of the author Guanche, AS.[9] so as the methodology created by this author , [16] whose first steps indicated he in-depth study of the content scientist on which it is based he teaching content of the topic that would have to be planned , and this , together with the search for curiosities , news , facts surprising related to this content , in books , magazines , newspapers and others sources , allowed find numerous curious facts that led to the development of the guides that were to be be written for the development of each class .[17,18]

The gradual derivation of the​ objectives, in relationship with those in the program, as well as he analysis of the subject 's skills system, in his correspondence with the actions necessary for the assimilation of the concepts further general information on the subject of Mycology Medical. In this analysis had the identification of the system of concepts is of capital importance new for the students, those who were noted carefully, so that they had correspondence with the contradictions that were finding in these items scientists brought to the content of the subject program. [17].

They were determined the experiments, demonstrations and​ jobs practical, as well as others activities experimental related to the concepts of one's own theme, that they were feasible to be carried out in class​ practice, with which they identified those that would best fit each​ content. [16,17].

The recommendations of the methodology were followed adopted, with which were identified the contradictions with the highest level of generalization so that they constituted the issues teacher’s general information on the subject or each of its headings, and proceeded so to write each one of the guides. (16)

It was lent a special attention to the aspects related to the ethics of the profession, in the time of writing each​ one of the guides, since these would remain as research instruments and at the same time time, its results. Within this methodology was made emphasis on the different ways to reveal contradictions to create​ situations problems, due to various classifications that could be find in the bibliography employee. (19)

All the work process​ methodological with the Mycology topic, the search for contradictions and the writing of guides didactic- descriptive classes by Teaching Problem was mediated and supported ethically by exchanges of opinions between the participants and development of productive debates, typical of a job methodological centered in the changes that had been intentionally made proposed the collective of the subject. [18,19]

Results

8 working sessions were held​ methodological throughout the school year. The group assimilated the essence of Teaching Problematic, unlike Learning​ Based in Problems that had been used in Sciences Doctors until the moment, [10] which facilitated the search for about 26 content contradictions that could be to expose or reveal in he during the classes in the Mycology topic​ Medical. Those with the highest level of generalization were included in the activities of the beginning of the topic and the epigraphs , according to their adjustment to the content of these ; [15] the remaining contradictions were included in nails cards that would work as knowledge and knowledge reinforcement activities​​ development of skills, as a form of work independent, so it was foreseen this possibility, necessary to achieve solidity of knowledge, but​ encouraging the​ students a space for the thought exploratory .

They took in consideration various ways to reveal contradictions for the creation of situations problematic. The most employees were the comparison of two elements that have similarities and differences; situations whose content this based in two opposing points of view , but both partially acceptable or truthful, which depend on their contrary corresponding and complementary mutually; situations based in the appreciation of phenomena and processes real , objective and observable, which appear have a cause other than the true one ; phenomena and/or processes that integrate objects of study of various sciences ( astronomical, physical, chemical, geographical or biological ), which lead to consequences unexpected for those who do not know his essence or its connections causal and in those that can be presented as consequences or causes, to create the situation problematic, then apparently They lack all logic ; contradictions based in cause- effect relationships, in which the cause may turn in effect and vice versa and contradictions that arise in two ways different to analyze the same object , phenomenon or process, in correspondence with dissimilar points of view. [17]

The work teaching-methodological had as result further the development of the guides is significant didactic- descriptive classes by Teaching Problem for three conferences and a class practice of Topic III Mycology Medical subject​ Microbiology and Parasitology Medical [19]

The collective assimilated experiences and new knowledge of one's own content and nature methodological.

An excerpt from Table 1 of contents and contradictions is presented below:

ContenidosContradicciones
Características de la reproducción de los hongos patógenos.Al estudiar los hongos, los biólogos especialistas en este reino han descubierto variadas formas en que se reproducen, como, por ejemplo, mediante diferentes tipos de esporas y otros, que son denominados comúnmente, levaduras, presentan también una reproducción por gemación. A pesar de que este campo de estudio es importante para los biólogos, a los médicos les interesa muchísimo las formas en que se reproducen los hongos patógenos. ¿Por qué puede tener tanta importancia para el médico conocer cómo se reproducen los hongos, si este no es su campo de estudio?

 

 

Las dermatofitosis, comúnmente llamadas tiñas

Las dermatofitosis, comúnmente llamadas tiñas, son un conjunto de micosis superficiales, afectan la piel, específicamente la epidermis y sus anexos (uñas y pelos). Son causadas por un grupo de hongos parásitos de la queratina. Si todos los seres humanos tenemos queratina en la piel, es de pensar que todos estamos expuestos a una dermatofitosis, pero no es así. Entonces, ¿cómo es posible que solamente algunas personas desarrollen esta micosis y otras no?

 

 

El agar Sabouraud

El agar Sabouraud es un medio de enriquecimiento para el cultivo de microrganismos, que, en determinados casos, se convierte en un medio selectivo que favorece el crecimiento de los hongos, sobre las bacterias. Si este agar se utiliza sobre una placa de Petri y constituye un sustrato enriquecido para cultivar microorganismos, ¿por qué el agar Sabouraud favorece específicamente el cultivo de hongos y no el de bacterias?

 

 

 

Micología Médica

La Micología Médica es una de las áreas de la medicina, surgida por la necesidad de tratar enfermedades provocadas en el ser humano, a partir del consumo o interacción con los hongos. Pero a pesar de los grandes avances en el estudio de la Micología Médica y el uso de anti-fúngicos o antimicóticos, la incidencia de infecciones fungales es muy elevada. ¿Por qué siguen siendo tan elevadas estas infecciones, si la Micología Médica ha experimentado grandes avances?

 

 

 

Candida albicans

Una paciente presentó una lesión escamosa en la piel debajo de los senos y el facultativo le indicó un medicamento contra el hongo Candida albicans. Ella dudó de que estuviera infectada por ese hongo, porque no había tenido ningún contacto con otra persona que le hubiera contaminado, ni había padecido de esa afección en ninguna otra parte de su cuerpo; sin embargo, el diagnóstico fue totalmente acertado. ¿Cómo es posible que fuera acertado el diagnóstico, a pesar de que no hubiese tenido contacto anteriormente con esa infección micótica específica?

 

Candida albicans

En ocasiones una candidiasis se transforma en una candidemia, a pesar de que ambas entidades se deban a la misma especie de micótico. ¿Cómo se explica que se produzca esta transformación?

 

 

 

Cryptococcus neoformans

La Criptococosis es una micosis sistémica, generalmente, oportunista. Es producida por Cryptococcus neoformans, la mayoría de las veces. Generalmente en la población inmunocompetente no se genera el cuadro, y solo es en los inmunodeprimidos como los pacientes VIH positivos o los trasplantados donde aparece el cuadro. Sin embargo, las lesiones no son debidas al propio hongo, sino que son provocadas por la propia reacción inmune, fundamentalmente en los pulmones y en el cerebro. ¿Cómo se explica que las lesiones que son capaces hasta de producir la muerte, no se deban a la acción directa del hongo?

Fuente: Condensado de la tesis de Grado Científico titulada: Revalorización del proceso docente-educativo en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica mediante la estrategia “Enseñanza Problémica Integrada

Tabla 1: Selección de algunas de las contradicciones identificadas en el contenido de enseñanza del tema III Micología Médica mediante el trabajo metodológico

Discussion

The work methodological systematic allows to reconcile the opinions of the members of the collective pedagogical of a subject , in addition to being a way to show the recent colleagues​ incorporation , some styles for directing​​ effective he process teaching-educational , because in the bosom of this collective are discussed the topics are incorporated new approaches , it is disclosed information novel , about all in subjects in which they can be incorporated certain advances scientists , that the collective decides how they are going to be addressed , in that class , how , or can discuss the way to incorporate a methodology that exists been employee in others areas educational and identify their advantages and potential to bring them to the classroom . All this job has to attend to the beginning didactic and adjust to the guidelines contentious in Ministerial Resolution 2/18 Work Regulations​ Teaching Methodological. [20]

When the decision was made to introduce Teaching Problem in the subject Microbiology and Parasitology Doctor , the collective I was convinced that it had to be done transformations in the way of leading the process teaching-educational , because at the conferences I had to be employed he Exposure method​ Problematic , in the one in which the categories predominate situation problematic and problem teacher and this means that previously must determine the contradictions that are going to go away revealing in he during the conference , which modifies he content of the work methodological that is necessary carry out previously and influences in he the teacher 's working style , which, although it is an aspect of his job very personal, it is mediated by a condition of the Teaching Problem , which is to reveal contradictions to create situations problems or formulate the issues teachers directly , [21] since not all situation problematic becomes problem teacher , but all problem teaching creates a situation problematic , according to raises the theory .[22]

Other particularity occurs in the development of the conference, when in the moment propitious, each contradiction must be revealed (or the problem teaching formulated), after which has to take time for yourself​ students for their assimilation, so that, after this moment, in the very exhibition, the teacher will give you solution to the problem teacher, through explanation​ relevant. The professor has the power to develop an exposure problematic monologued or dialogued, although this last variant is preferable, because it gives participation to the students. [23]

In regarding the preparation of the guides didactic- descriptive classes by Teaching Problematic , in opinion of the authors , is decisive importance of writing this​ document methodological for each hour/ class , because has as function of guiding each one teacher , when conceiving his / her process management activities teaching-educational in any of the subjects , because , as his denomination indicates, responds to the characteristic of narrating in detail all the development of each hour / class conceived by Teaching Problematic already its function methodological this aimed at offering recommendations to the teachers who are going to use them so that they are used contradictions to create situations problematic , in order to unify not only he content , but also the way to develop it in the classes .[19]

The elaboration of these guides is decisive to reconcile two aspects contradictory presents: by a part, the personal nature of each lesson plan teacher and by another, the need to perform the check empirical class system​​ by Teaching Problematic, so the lectures and the class practice in the sample groups​ they should be the most similar possible.

Other function that the guides would fulfill didactic- descriptive class by teaching problematic elaborated through the job methodological, was that of constituting a way to achieve he training of the teachers and the incorporation of modes of action in the direction of the process teaching- educational, when used this conception.

Therefore, the guides didactic-descriptive constituted descriptions of the development of each hour/ class of topic III of Mycology Medical by Teaching Problem, in which the foundation of the use of categories and the methods problematic suggested, recommendations for the teacher who interpreted them, could make any change relevant in nature methodological and the essence of the teaching content.

The work methodological was designed to differentiate the use of Learning Based in Problems, which in It is sometimes confused with the concept of Teaching Problem employee in this work, [10] as much as possible note by reading materials that review​​ research carried out in Education​ Medical, which was evident in the bibliographic consultation directed to different research results​ educational, which does not detract merits to this methodology so widely used.

We’re interesting the points of view held by the members of the collective in relationship with the possibility that Teaching has Problem of facilitating the integration of knowledge from others subjects, for which he was recognized his potential to achieve interdisciplinarity, as well such as the feasibility of including it in online courses or meetings where the Flipped Classroom or class is used inverted. It was also commented his integration in educational software, as well as others ways of presenting he knowledge, as long as they are believed situations problematic, conceptualized as he central link of Education Problematic.

According to experiences previous ones, the students also must adapt to This way of working with them, undoubtedly novel. However, throughout its employment in all classes​ in whatever it may be possible , given by the discovery of contradictions appropriate to the objective and content of each form of organization , the students they come to create a motivation for the search for new ones knowledge , which allows classes that initially​​ they can become slow and long , a time after , the students exceed are first stages and it is done further agile that search thought , and equally It happens with the teachers , who reach a level desired skills​ teachers to take to their classes new elements of problematicity. [24].

It is worth noting how, from the very discussion of the members of the collective in preparation​ methodological, yes this It is well directed, there is an exchange very fruitful in the case of class development​ by Teaching Problematic, because they are proposed different ways of revealing contradictions and maintaining a careful​ analysis of the way in which the issues teachers, since in​ this process must be taken presents the two poles of contradiction.

Conclusions

The activity methodological that was developed to organize the application of Teaching Problem in lectures and classes practices, from Topic III of Mycology Medical, of the subject Microbiology and Parasitology Doctor, she was based fundamentally in the study of the research results​ previous; in this case, a result accomplished in Primary Education with the subject of Natural Sciences and another investigation developed in the same center, in the subject of Embryology. These experiences were significant.

The work methodological gave way to discussions profitable and had results productive , having in account some contributions theoretical and practical from practice​ in the classrooms with this conception didactics , background that allowed elaborate guides didactic- descriptive classes by Teaching Problem for three conferences and a class practice , which remained as models for others teachers understand how they can​ apply the categories and methods of Teaching Problem in this subject and, in addition , he did possible he research process​ educational that would have to be developed by this same collective in successive courses schoolchildren .

All the process of introducing the categories and methods of teaching Problem in any subject, must be planned in the collective, so the​ job methodological becomes​ in a task essential

Declaration of conflict of interest

The authors of the article we declare that it does not exist conflict of interest and that motivates us to make known​ he researches development​ educational.

List of contributions of the Authors:

Rebeca Zayas was the lead author in conceptualizing the research methodology and writing the original draft.Adania Guanche facilitated data curation​ from previous research, and reviewed the original draft.Damasa Irene López Santa Cruz worked in the summary and dealt with the media audiovisuals necessary for the work development​ in the collective methodological and in job in the digital editing of the article.

References

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Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

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Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

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Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

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Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

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Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

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Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

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Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

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S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

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Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

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George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

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Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

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Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

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Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

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Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

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Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

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Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

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Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

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Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

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Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

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Dr Susan Weiner

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Lin-Show Chin

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

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Sonila Qirko

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

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Luiz Sellmann

I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.

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Zhao Jia

Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."

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Thomas Urban

I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Cristina Berriozabal

To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.

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Dr Tewodros Kassahun Tarekegn

"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".

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Dr Shweta Tiwari

I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.

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Dr Farooq Wandroo

Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.

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Dr Anyuta Ivanova

We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.

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Dr David Vinyes

My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.

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Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt

To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina

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Dr Elvira Farina