AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/304
University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, 300645, Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania.
*Corresponding Author: Monica Butnariu, Chemistry & Biochemistry Discipline, University of Life Sciences
Citation: Bianca- Valentina Recsky, Ioana Grozea, Monica Butnariu, (2025), Analytical Techniques for Obtaining Volatile oils (Odorants and Flavorings), J. Nutrition and Food Processing, 8(4); DOI:10.31579/2637-8914/304
Copyright: © 2025, Monica Butnariu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 10 March 2025 | Accepted: 24 March 2025 | Published: 27 March 2025
Keywords: volatile oils; complex mixtures; entrainable liquids; volatilize
Volatile oils are complex mixtures of aliphatic, aromatic and hydroaromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, esters and other constituents in which compounds from the terpenoid class predominate. They have a characteristic, aromatic and pleasant smell. They are liquids that can be carried by water vapor. The name volatile oils is appropriate because it expresses the characteristic property of these compounds: high vapor pressure and the fact that they volatilize at ordinary temperature. Volatile oils are relatively widespread in the plant kingdom, some families being very rich in such substances, both in number of species and in quantity. Several variants and systems are used to obtain volatile oils, which are based on their property of being carried by water vapor, as a result of the high vapor pressure that characterizes them.
The process used to obtain these natural substances depends on the way they are contained in the plant raw material, their chemical nature and their properties. Most of the production processes are based on two physical properties of odorants and flavorings, namely: the property of being entrained with water vapor and their solubility in certain solvents (hydrocarbons, alcohols, halogenated organic compounds, fats, carbon dioxide, etc.). The main processes applied in practice are the following: entrained with water vapor, extraction with animal fats, extraction with organic solvents, extraction with liquefied gases, extraction by pressing, adsorption on an adsorbent material. Among these, the most representative families are: Pinaceae, Labiatae, Umbelliferae, Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Rutaceae, Cariophylaceae, Compositae, Zingiberaceae, etc., which are considered aromatic plants. The name aromatic plants is assigned to those species that contain at least 0.1-0.2% volatile oil and have a sufficiently perceptible odor. In addition to these, there are other species that, although they do not have a characteristic odor, still contain terpene substances that are part of the composition of vegetable oils (Monteiro, et al, 2010).
There is almost no organ in the composition of aromatic plants, in which, in various species, there are no larger or smaller amounts of volatile oils. Such are valerian roots, ginger rhizomes, lobelia leaves, rose flowers, citrus fruits, almond seeds (Batish, et al, 2006).
A. Chemical methods
a) Distillation with water (hydrodistillation)
In this process, the raw material is brought together with water into the distillation flask, the bottom of the container is heated directly at the heat source, and the mixture of oil vapor and water is collected by condensation in a cooling system. The distillate is then passed into a collecting vessel.
The method, although simple and easy to perform, nevertheless presents a number of disadvantages:
b) Water vapor entrainment
The raw material is brought into a metal sieve basket, which may or may not be previously closed in sackcloth, so that it does not come into contact with the water in the lower part of the blaza. The water vapor formed penetrates the vegetable material, entraining at the same time the volatile oils. This eliminates a number of disadvantages of the first process.
However, this method has some disadvantages:
To overcome these disadvantages, a separate steam generator can be used. The method has the advantage that a single steam generator can serve a battery of stills. This generator can be placed in a different building than the one where the distillation flasks are installed. An advantage of this system is that the extraction is no longer interrupted to replenish the distilled water. In addition, when the contents of a distillation vessel have been exhausted, it can be replaced without interrupting the other stills (Ge, et al, 2000).
c) Extraction with volatile solvents
This process is applied to obtain fine volatile oils, for those with labile components or existing in minute quantities in the raw material. The method has the following advantages: extraction takes place at low temperatures; the possibility of resenification is avoided; the fine scent is protected; a series of resins are extracted, not evaporable with water vapor, but fixative of the scent.
The disadvantages of this procedure are: high cost; complexity of the installation; toxicity and explosion hazard of solvents.The most commonly used solvent is petroleum ether. This meets most of the required conditions, but preliminary purification is necessary to remove the upper fractions with an unpleasant odor. Extraction gasoline has a high boiling point and contains less volatile fractions. It is used mainly for obtaining fatty oils and to a lesser extent for volatile ones. Benzene is sufficiently pure, but dissolves too many ballast substances, and when mixed with air it is detonating. Ethyl ether is quite often used, but it has a high cost price, dissolves ballast substances and is flammable. Liquefied gases, such as carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen, are considered ideal solvents, because they leave no residue on evaporation, have no odor, are not explosive and have a high dissolving capacity. Although it is flammable, the use of liquefied butane as an extraction solvent has recently been gaining more and more ground. Purification of the crude volatile oil is achieved by trituration with alcohol, followed by filtration of the insoluble parts. The filtrate is cooled to a temperature of -10...-15 °C, when most of the ballast leaves the system. It is filtered cold. The alcoholic solution is concentrated under vacuum, at a temperature as low as possible, after which, by entrainment with water vapor, the volatile oil is obtained (Piras, et al, 2022).
d) Extraction with non-volatile solvents
It can be done by several methods, namely:
• Maceration
The solvents used are usually mixtures of various fats, depending on the extraction process and the nature of the material treated. Thus, the following are used: animal fats (pork, tallow, or their mixture called corpus), vegetable fats (olive, almond, apricot or peach oil), synthetic substances (benzyl benzoate). The fats used as non-volatile solvents must be very pure, not containing residues of protein substances or water. In the extraction process, the flowers packed in rare cloth bags are brought in several batches into tinned iron boilers, which contain the corpus melted at a maximum of 60-70°C. A time is left for maceration, after which the bags are removed from the fat and a new batch of fresh flowers is brought. The operation is repeated approximately 25 times. The product obtained with the help of animal fats is called pomade, and the one with vegetable oils is called antique oil. The separation of volatile oils from the fat mixture is achieved by draining the melted fat from the maceration container and drying it on anhydrous sodium sulfate. Next, after filtration, it is cooled and stirred for a long time with alcohol. It is then cooled to freezing temperature, when the alcohol that has absorbed the volatile oil is separated from the fat. The product obtained is called flower extract. By distilling the alcohol under reduced pressure, the specific flower oil is obtained. The recovered alcohol is used for a new extraction (Hafez Ghoran, et al, 2021).
• Enfleurage
It is an expensive process through which, however, volatile oils of the best quality are obtained. In this case, the solvent, made up only of solid animal fats, retains only the most volatile fractions that are released from the flowers. The system in which the extraction of the volatile oil is carried out is made up of the so-called chassis, made up of a wooden frame, 3-5 cm high, which has a thick glass bottom. On the glass bottom of the chassis, a layer of solvent is spread about. 1 cm thick over which petals or whole fresh flowers are laid, as much as they can fit.
The maceration of the flowers takes place in the chassis placed in cool rooms where they are kept for 12-72 hours. During maceration, the volatile fractions contained in the flower petals saturate the space available to them. At the same time, some of these volatile compounds are absorbed by the solid fat, which causes the saturation of the space to decrease. In this way, a new amount of volatile oil is released from the flowers, and the process continues until an equilibrium is established that corresponds to a certain depletion of the flowers in volatile components. As the depletion progresses, batches of flowers are replaced with fresh material, the operation being repeated 30-50 times, to ensure saturation of the corpus with volatile oil.
Sometimes, solid absorbents can be used instead of the corpus. It is recommended that the flowers be harvested before they are pollinated. After pollination, biochemical processes take place in the plant tissues that can change the composition of the volatile oil (Paibon, et al, 2011).
• Solid solvent extraction
In this case, the phenomenon of sorption is used. Two distinct processes can occur: capillary condensation, when volatile oil vapors agglomerate and liquefy in the pores of the absorbent, and chemisorption, when a chemical reaction takes place between the absorbed and the absorbent. Obtaining the volatile oil or desorption is done by extraction with alcohol. The following absorbents are used: activated carbon or silica gel (Won, et al, 2009).
B. Mechanical methods
These methods are particularly applicable to the extraction of volatile oils contained in the pericarp of citrus fruits. Several variants of this method are known:
a) By squeezing
The fresh fruit, cut into two or three parts, is cleaned of the core. The remaining peel is squeezed into a collecting vessel.Sometimes, before squeezing, the peels are kept in piles for one or two days, when a slight fermentation takes place, after which they are soaked for a few hours in water and then squeezed. Along with the volatile oil, part of the cell juice is also squeezed. After collection, the aqueous liquid is allowed to separate and then the oil is decanted (Perez-Cacho, & Rouseff, 2008).
b) By shaving
The surface of the fruit is scraped with a needle grater or one or two fruits are rotated in a spiked funnel or in a cylindrical vessel whose bottom is covered with short spikes arranged in concentric circles. The spikes must be sized so as to perforate only the oil glands, since, penetrating too deeply into the pericarp of the fruit, they increase the amount of cellular fluid, which will decrease the quality of the volatile oil (Uter, et al, 2007).
c) By pressing
Hand presses, screw presses and hydraulic presses are used for this purpose. The latter method gives the highest yields, but the best quality is provided by the manual method (Li, et al, 2021).
C. Fermentative methods
It is applied to obtain unformed volatile oils, which are found in plants in the form of glycosides.
First, the glycosides are cleaved, by fermentation, with the help of enzymes that are usually found in the same plant. Some products are processed immediately, others are stored from a few hours to a few months, during which the enzymatic cleavage of the glycosides takes place.
In order to carry out this method, the plant material is crushed and mixed with water.
A small fraction is set aside, and the rest is heated to 70-80°C to dissolve the glycosides, when, at the same time, the enzymes are inactivated. To cause fermentation, the unheated part (which contains the enzymes in the active state) is added, then left for a while for fermentation.
The volatile oil, set free, by this enzymatic pathway is carried away by distillation of the mixture. The volatile oil, obtained by the described processes, is collected in collectors, from where it is sent to the settling vessels, where it remains for a variable time depending on the characteristics of the oil and the dispersion of impurities. Usually, settling batteries are used (Zhang, et al, 2019).
After settling, the oil is dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate, sometimes with calcined sodium chloride. The dehydrated oil is filtered through a pleated paper filter.
From the sodium sulfate used for dehydration, as well as from the used filters, the oil is recovered by entraining them with water vapor or by introducing them into the entraining flasks, together with the plant. All purification and recovery operations are carried out in the laboratory, in glass apparatus of reduced capacity and protected from the harmful action of some physico-chemical agents (oxidants, heavy metals, etc.). To obtain high-quality volatile oils, by removing the fractions that disqualify the product, fractional distillation is used. In this way, those components that give an unpleasant odor are removed, such as amines or furfural and some irritating compounds, mainly made up of aldehydes. Volatile oils are liquid substances, very volatile, with an aromatic and pleasant odor. Due to their high vapor pressure, they form azeotropic mixtures with water vapor and distill at much lower temperatures.They boil at temperatures between 150-300°C and are lighter than water. The exceptions are cinnamon, bitter almond and clove oils, which are heavier than water (Zhang, et al, 2018).
They are substances with optical activity, with characteristic refractive indices, with low viscosity, some being very fluid. They are soluble in organic solvents, insoluble in water, soluble in 60% chloral hydrate solution, themselves being very good organic solvents.
Volatile oils are flammable substances. Their odor can sometimes be irritating, although aromatic, and their taste is burning.
Depending on its components, each volatile oil has specific chemical properties.
Analytical control of volatile oils
In addition to the characteristic odor, the various volatile oils can be identified by the major component, which can be recognized by characteristic identification reactions.
Thin-layer chromatography has been widely used recently for the rapid identification and overall assessment of the quality of volatile oils (Kotra, Satyabanta, & Goswami, 2019).
For a more in-depth analysis, the volatile oil is subjected to a fractionation (figure 1), which obtains the neutral components on the one hand, and the acidic components on the other.
Figure 1: Fractionation of volatile oil
The fractions thus obtained are subjected to chromatographic analysis on silica gel plates. As developing solvents, mixtures based on hexane-ethyl ether, hexane-ethyl acetate, benzene-toluene-ethyl acetate, benzene-chloroform, benzene-acetic acid, etc. are used. Strong reagents are used for development, as follows:
To determine the quality of a volatile oil, a series of physical and chemical tests are performed, which highlight specific characteristics. To perform a correct analysis, the volatile oil sample must be clear (freshly filtered) and free of water (dried on anhydrous sodium sulfate) (Zhang, et al, 2021).
Among the physical characteristics necessary for the characterization of a volatile oil, the following should be mentioned: olfactory examination, density at 20°C (d2020), specific rotation angle (nD20), refractive index at 20°C (nD20), melting point, freezing point, dropping point, solubility, clarity, iodine color, evaporation residue, ultraviolet and visible spectrograms, gas chromatogram, thin layer chromatogram (Romanenko, Domrachev, & Tkachev, 2022).
The most important chemical characteristics that must be performed, partially or entirely, to characterize a volatile oil are: acidity index, esterification index, saponification index, acetyl index, ester index, carbonyl index, alcohol content (%), aldehyde and ketone content (%), phenol content (%), solubility in 5% sodium hydroxide solution, determination of sulfur derivatives, determination of nitrogen derivatives, special determinations.
In general, volatile oils stored in the light turn brown as a result of photochemical oxidation reactions. Their oxidizability is explained by the existence of double bonds as well as oxydryl and carbonyl functions grafted onto the chain or the basic nucleus. As a result, some of the oil components easily pass into macromolecular condensation compounds.
With concentrated sulfuric acid they give intense colors.
Volatile oils are used in various medications, in the form of crude plant products or extracted oils, as well as as semi-synthetic material, for obtaining other medicinal substances (for example: obtaining synthetic camphor, hydrated terpine, etc.).
In pharmacy, volatile oils are used as flavorings and taste correctors.
They are widely used in cosmetics and perfumery, when used in the form of extracts, hydrolates, alcoholates, tinctures, concretes, resinoids and oleoresins, essences, perfumes, etc. From these, beauty and maintenance cosmetics are prepared in the form of creams, emulsions, lotions, gels, oils, masks, make-up removers, soaps, bath and shower preparations, deodorants and antiperspirants, moisturizers, sunscreens, as well as numerous shaving preparations. Special attention is paid to preparations for dental and hair care, as well as products with a preventive and curative role in dermopharmacy.
Also, volatile oils are successfully used in the maintenance of public premises (fir oil), in microscopy (cedar oil), in the lens manufacturing technique (Canada balsam), in chromatographic techniques, in the varnish and paint industry, as insecticides and as flotation oil (pine oil) in the mining industry.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
