Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a highly Nutritious Source of Grains

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/847

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a highly Nutritious Source of Grains

  • Source of Grains Fatemah, A.S. Hussein 1*
  • Amany, M. Basuny 1
  • Hossam, E. Farghaly 1
  • F. O. F. Abou-Zaid 2

1Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Cairo, Egypt.

2Agri., Industrialization Unit, Plant Production Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. 

*Corresponding Author: Fatemah, A.S. Hussein, Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Cairo, Egypt.

Citation: Fatemah, A.S. Hussein, Amany, M. Basuny, Hossam, E. Farghaly, F. O. F. Abou-Zaid, (2025), Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a highly Nutritious Source of Grains, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, 28(1); DOI:10.31579/2690-4861/847

Copyright: © 2025, Fatemah, A.S. Hussein. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: 13 May 2025 | Accepted: 11 July 2025 | Published: 21 July 2025

Keywords: quinoa seeds; bioactive components; amino acids; fatty acids

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is the chemical evaluation of quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa wild). The chemical composition, mineral content, active compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, and tocopherols), vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids of quinoa seeds were estimated. The results obtained indicate that quinoa seeds are rich in bioactive compounds, most importantly phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and vitamins, which are effective in preventing many diseases. Therefore, quinoa seeds are considered a high-nutrition alternative to grains. 

Introduction

Over the last few decades, food and food ingredients have had a significant impact on human health, making contemporary healthy lifestyles change significantly. There is a growing belief among consumers that food directly affects their health by preventing disease and improving physical and mental well-being (Samec ˇ et al., 2019). The consumer has opted to change their eating habits and choose foods that, besides being a good source of nutrients, are also rich in bioactive compounds with health benefits (Betoret et al., 2011and Barbé et al., 2014).

Cereals remain the most significant source of food in the world, both for human consumption and indirect use in livestock production. However, the use of cereals for bioethanol production is increasing. (Cassman and Liska, 2007 and Pimentel et al., 2009). Cereals hold roughly half of their market share for feed, while the remaining 40% is for food/human consumption, 19% is for seed production and other uses, and 3% is for bioethanol. (Siegel and Babuscio, 2011). 

Among the many issues facing global agriculture are food shortages and population increase. The demand for food will increase as there is a possibility of more than 10 billion people on the planet by 2050. (Tilman et al., 2011). Agriculture yields and growth are affected by the warming temperatures and effects of global climate change. (Jaikishun et al., 2019). 

So, Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld) is considered one of the crops that have recently attracted more attention. (Navruz-Varli and Sanlier, 2016). Also, it is considered a multipurpose agricultural seed-producing crop. Bakery products use their seeds and flour as food ingredients due to their high nutritional value. (Repo-Carrasco Valencia et al., 2010b). Quinoa is part of the Dicotyledonae class, Chenopodiaceae family, which also includes spinach and beet, the Chenopodium genus, quinoa species, and its name in Latin is Chenopodium quinoa Willd (Maradini Filho et al., 2015 and Tanwar et al.,2019). As a result, it is widely utilized as a nutritious food. It is referred to as a "superfood “or "the Golden Grain,” Singh, (2019). Superfoods are products similar to traditional foods but have proven physiological benefits. Superfood consumption can help individuals improve their health and decrease the risk of diseases (Al-Sheraji et al., 2013); therefore, the demand for these products has been increasing these days. (Vieira da Silva et al., 2016). 

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an ancient crop that can play an important role in worldwide food security. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), quinoa is a promising plant for humanity, due to its high nutrient value and genetic diversity. Due to its contribution to food security, Quinoa has been described as “the grain of the twenty-first century” (FAO, 2011).

The United Nations declared the year 2013 as the “International Quinoa Year” to recognize its significant potential and increase interest in this plant (FAO, 2011; FAO, 2014 and Tang, et al. 2015b). Quinoa contains high-quality proteins and a balanced essential amino acid composition, with an abundance of sulfur-rich amino acids. It is a great source of minerals like calcium, iron, and zinc, vitamins, and fibers, along with carbohydrates, lipids, and a low glycemic index. (Vega-Galvez et al., 2010 and Gordillo-Bastidas et al., 2016). In addition to that, Quinoa has been used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) due to its versatility in meeting the needs of humans during space missions (González,2014 and Cooper,2015).

 Thus, the current investigation has the objective of studying comprehensive chemical analysis of quinoa seeds to confirm their high nutritional value and evaluate them from a nutritional perspective.

Materials & Methods

- Source of quinoa seedsQuinoa seeds used in this study were purchased from Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.

- Solvents and reagents: All solvents used throughout the whole work were analytical grade and distilled before use. Caffeic acid (98%) and Folin-Ciocalteau reagent were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and Gerbsaure Chemical Co., Ltd., Germany, respectively.

- Nutritional Value. Moisture, protein, carbohydrates, lipids, fibers, and ash contents of quinoa seeds were expressed on a dry weight basis, and the results were presented in g/100g. Analyses were carried out in three replicates and were determined by following the methods as described in AOAC (2016). Carbohydrate was calculated by difference.

- Fatty acids composition: Capillary gas chromatograph (HP 6890) was used for the qualitative and quantitative determinations of fatty acids of the quinoa seed oil and reported in relative area percentages. Fatty acids were trans esterified into their corresponding carboxylic acid methyl esters by shaking an amount of oil (0.1g) in heptane (2 ml) with a solution of methanolic potash (0.2 ml, 2N). The carboxylic acid methyl esters were identified employing a gas chromatograph equipped with DB-23 (5%–cyanopropyl–methyl poly siloxane) capillary column (60 m x 0.32mm X0.25μm film thickness) and flame ionization detector. Nitrogen flow was 0.6ml/min, hydrogen and air flow rates were 45 and 450ml/min, respectively. The oven temperature was isothermally heated to 195˚C. The injector and therefore the detector temperatures were 230˚C and 250˚C, respectively. Carboxylic acid methyl esters were identified by comparing their retention times with a known carboxylic acid standard mixture. Peak areas were automatically computed by an integrator. All GC measurements for every oil sample were made in triplicate, and therefore, the averages were reported. 

- Determination of total polyphenolic: The levels of total polyphenols of quinoa seeds were determined according to the method of Žilić et al., (2012). Caffeic acid was used as a standard compound for the preparation of the calibration curve.

 Determination of the total flavonoids:  The total flavonoid content of the quinoa seeds was determined by the aluminum chloride test (Kim et al., 2006) using quercetin as a standard, and the results were calculated as mg quercetin equivalent/Kg of extract (mg QE/Kg).

 Determination of Tocopherols: Tocopherols were determined in quinoa seed powder according to Annunziata et al.,2012).

Determination of Vitamins: Ten grams of quinoa seeds powder was weighed, homogenized in the mortar with a pestle, transferred into a conical flask and 25 mL of the extraction solution (made by mixing 50 mL of acetonitrile with 10 mL of glacial acetic acid and the volume was finally made up to 1000 mL) was added. The prepared solution of quinoa seed powder was injected into the HPLC using an autosampler to determine water-soluble vitamins. (Hasan et al.,2013).

- Mineral content: Mineral content by using atomic absorption (NC.9423-400-30042), England of the spirulina algae was determined according to the method techniques described by (AOAC, 2016).

- Amino acid analysis: The protein quantification was done with the micro-Kjeldahl method. Amino acid analysis procedure involves acid/alkaline hydrolysis, separation by cation exchange column, post-column derivatization with Ninhydrin, and detection using UV/V is detector at 570 nm as described in the A.O.A.C. (2016). The data from three independent samples were expressed as the mean value ± standard deviation. 

Results & Discussion

The chemical composition and Total Energy of Quinoa Seeds (QS) were determined (dry weight), and the obtained results are presented in Figure 1. The moisture, ash, protein, fat, fiber, and total carbohydrate(mg/100mg) were 11.91, 13.01.01, 6.00, 6.11, and 71.67%, respectively (Figure 1). Also, the total energy of Quinoa seeds recorded 402.545 K.cal/100g. 

Quinoa is recognized as a superior source of vegetal protein (12–23%); its protein content is similar to milk protein content and higher than that of real cereals like wheat, maize, and rice (Zannini, 2018).

According to Martínez-Villaluenga et al. (2020), the proximate analysis of quinoa seeds. The water, protein, lipids, and total carbohydrate were 8.2-13.1,9.1-16.7,4-7.6 and 48.5-77.0, respectively are in the same range as our results.

The above-mentioned data could be compared with those of Abdelshafy, (2022b), who found higher contents of protein (14.40) and fat (6.88). In contrast, moisture (8.90), fiber (5.12), ash (2.63), and carbohydrates (62.07) were lower than our results. 

Thus, the chemical and nutritional composition of the quinoa seeds is directly impacted by the lack of adaptation to regions that are very different from those where the cultivar originated (Valeri et al.,2022).

Figure 1: Chemical Composition (%) of Quinoa Seeds

Compared to other common grains like rice, corn, and wheat, quinoa has a higher ash content. The high concentration of minerals, such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium, is justified due to their bioavailable forms. (Nowak et al., 2016; Angeli et al.,2020). Quinoa has a total mineral content of 3.4%, and its seeds are rich in calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, potassium, sodium, zinc, and other nutrients (Mohamed Ahmed et al., 2021).

Minerals are regarded as essential elements for sustaining a healthy physiological response. In the embryo of quinoa, there are minerals like phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium. while Ca and P in the pericarp are associated with pectic compounds of the cell wall. (Konishi et al.,2004) Various minerals, including macro (Ca, K, Mg, and P) and microelements (Fe, Zn, and Mn), were determined in quinoa seeds (Figure 2). Dev and Gupta (2024) reported the following mineral composition (mg/100 g) of quinoa Whole: Ca (232), P (189), K (414), Mg (115), and Fe (6.9). Based on the present study, quinoa seeds are rich in Calcium, Iron, Potassium, and Magnesium. Also low in Phosphorus. This shows 

that the present study of quinoa seeds can serve as a valuable source of essential minerals while maintaining their nutritional benefits. Microelements such as (Mn, and Zn) were reported in quinoa seeds 24.07 ± 0.23 mg/kg,28.08 ± 0.35 mg/kg) by (Bolanos ˜ et al., 2016). From that, our results show average concentrations higher than other papers.

The differences in mineral content observed between this study and previous reports can be attributed to the use of different cultivars and environmental growth conditions.

The presented data in Figure 2 illustrate the mineral contents and daily values of quinoa seeds. quinoa seeds have a higher content of minerals such as (K:834, Ca:653, Mg:330, Na:170, P:119 mg/100g). These contents represent (119.14,124.38,78.57,48.57,17%) of the recommended daily intake of these minerals, respectively. The opposite situation was observed for both Zinc, iron, and Manganese (43.0,15.50,4.06), respectively. These contents represent (614.29,140.90,176.52%) of the recommended daily intake of these minerals. 

Figure 2: Mineral composition in quinoa seeds (mg/100g) and Daily Value (% of RDI) of quinoa.

Bioactive compounds are secondary plant metabolites with therapeutic potential (Chen et al., 2018; Hussain et al., 2021).

Quinoa seeds have a fine quality of nutrition, such as bioactive substances, with high antioxidants, which include polyphenols, tocopherols, and flavonoid compounds that are superior to those found in common grains for their health benefits, such as preventing chronic diseases. Interestingly, quinoa seed coat color appears to contribute to antioxidant activity due to the content of flavonoids (Pedrali et al., 2023).

The data in Figure 3 shows the most essential phytochemicals in quinoa seeds (ppm), and the total polyphenols present in quinoa seeds were 455.00 ppm. Most secondary plant metabolites that result in various functional characteristics are composed of phenolic compounds, mostly in the seed coat of quinoa seeds (Liu et al., 2021).

It is believed that the seeds of Quinoa contain the highest concentration of ferulic acid and quercetin, and it has more phenolic compounds than whole grains. (Gordillo-Bastidas et al, 2016). Because of their connection 

to fibers, the biological effects of phenolic materials have been of recent interest to scientists. The highest rates of a-glucosidase and a-amylase inhibition of bound phenols during digestion have been shown to lower blood sugar (Suriano et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2021). Total flavonoids and polyphenols in quinoa were measured by RepoCarrasco-Valencia et al. (2010), who discovered that the polyphenols were 131.8 ± 10.3 mg 100 g-1 and flavonoids were 62.07 ± 5.1 mg 100 g-1. A high concentration of total tocopherol (vitamin E) (505 ppm) is a characteristic of quinoa. The most prevalent tocopherol in quinoa seeds was γ-tocopherol (330 ppm), followed by α-tocopherol (49 ppm) and β-tocopherol (20 ppm). The fatty acids in the cell membrane are protected from oxidative stress by the tocopherol content of quinoa, which acts as an antioxidant at the membrane layer. According to quinoa seed phytochemical content values, the use of quinoa as a natural antioxidant is crucial for preventing degenerative and chronic illnesses (Liu et al., 2021)
 

Figure 3: Phytochemical composition of quinoa seeds (ppm).

Vitamins are trace organic substances that humans need to obtain from food to maintain normal physiological functions. It plays an important role in the process of human growth, metabolism, and development. Figure 4 shows the number of certain vitamins. Vitamin B1 (VB1), also known as thiamine, is involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Quinoa seeds are rich in vitamins, which are essential compounds for human health. Compared to common cereals like wheat, barley, and rice, quinoa seeds have a significantly higher vitamin content. (Miranda et al., 2012)

According to Figure 4, each 100 g of quinoa seeds has 9.90 mg of vitamin C, 14.99 mg of ergocalciferol, and 60.00 mg of vitamin A in the form of carotenoids. Niacin, essential for physical well-being, was present at (0.95 mg/100 g), vitamin B1 was (1.10 mg/100 g), and vitamin B2 was (2.50 mg/100 g). Additionally, each 100 g of quinoa seeds includes (0.43 mg) of vitamin B12, absent from cereals, (6.10 mg) of vitamin B5, (0.42 mg) of pyridoxine, and (6.25 mg) of folic acid. The basic minerals needed for the metabolism of the majority of known living things, are vitamin C (1.93 mg/kg), vitamin B3 (0.15 mg/kg), vitamin B6 (11.22 mg/kg), and vitamin B12 (0.09 mg/kg), are all abundant in quinoa flour, according to Sohaimy et al. (2018). So, eating quinoa helps avoid viruses and diseases.

Figure 4: Vitamins in quinoa seeds (mg/100g).

Amino Acids                          Quinoa Seeds
Essential Amino Acids) EAA)
Tyrosine2.89
Phenylalanine1.02
Total aromatic amino acids3.90
Threonine2.35
Cystine9.27
Methionine4.35
Total sulfur amino acids15.95
Leucine (LEU)4.29
Isoleucine (ILE)2.01
Lysine (LYS)5.78
Valine (VAL)2.70
Tryptophan 1.12
Total Essential 35.77
Non-Essential Amino Acids) NEAA)
Aspartic 8.28
Glutamic 20.07
ProlineND
Serine 5.33
Glycine15.33
Alanine6.56
Arginine5.12
Histidine 3.65
Total non-essential 64.32

Table 1: Amino acid composition of quinoa seeds (g/100g quinoa).

Quinoa has high amounts of amino acids, limited to wheat and corn; these include lysine, methionine, and threonine (Nowak et al., 2016).

Patients with celiac disease can benefit from the consumption of gluten-free cereals, which makes pseudocereals a safe alternative food for them. Compared to quinoa, the Chenopodiaceae family has amino acid types and contents that can fulfill adult human dietary amino acid requirements without needing food supplementation (Xu et al., 2020; Zhao et al., 2021). Data in Table 1 shows the amino acid composition of quinoa seeds. The data obtained illustrated that the total essential amino acid of quinoa seed was 35.77 g/100 g sample, and the total non-essential amino acids were 64.32 g/100 g.

(Pathan and Siddiqui, 2022) said that all essential amino acids are present in higher concentrations in quinoa seeds, such as methionine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, histidine, threonine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and leucine. also, non-essential amino acids are (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, and cysteine) compared with other major cereals that are common in human consumption, such as rice, corn, and wheat. In Table 1, these results show that quinoa seeds have a high content of Glutamic acid (20.07%), followed by Glycine (15.33%) and Aspartic acid (8.28%) as non-essential amino acids. Also, it has a high content of Cystine, Lysine, Leucine, and Methionine (9.27,5.78,4.35,4.29, respectively). while quinoa seeds had the lowest content of Phenylalanine and Tryptophan (1.02 and 1.12)

Name of fatty acidsQuinoa seeds%
Myristic (C14:0)0.35
Palmitic (C16:0)8.41
Palmitoleic (C16:1)0.21
Stearic (C18:0)0.85
Oleic (C18:1)22.1
Linoleic (C18:2)55.00
Gamma Linolenic (γ-C18:3n6)0.11
Linolenic (α-C18:3n3)9.49
Arachidic (C20:0)0.25
Gadoleic (C20:1)0.83
Erucic (C22:1)1.40
Σ Saturated Fatty Acids9.86
Σ Monounsaturated fatty acids24.54
Σ Polyunsaturated fatty acids64.60
Oleic/linoleic ratio0.40
Sat./unsat ratio                                                                           0.11
Predicated of the Protein Efficiency ratio(P-PER)0.92

Table 2: Fatty acid composition of Quinoa Seeds:

Table 2 displays the results of the current study on fatty acids. The fat content revealed a diverse range of fatty acids, with linoleic acid (omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids) making up most of them. Quinoa seeds had the highest fatty acid content (55.00%), followed by oleic acid (22.1%) and a-linolenic acid (9.49%). On the whole, quinoa seeds have a low 

percentage of total saturated fatty acids (9.86%), a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (64.60%), and a low percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (25.54%).

Lipids are essential for human health and nutrition, as they affect a range of physical processes and disease outcomes, serve as a primary energy source, and play important roles in diverse biological functions. They are crucial for the structure and function of cell membranes. In contrast, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including omega-3 fatty acids, have been associated with anti-inflammatory effects and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (Amin et al., 2019; Zhang et al.,2021).

 Essential fatty acids can be grouped into two families called omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid) and omega-6(linoleic acid), which are known to be essential to human health and are known as polyunsaturated fatty acids that make up the majority of quinoa oil in this study.  In quinoa, unsaturated fatty acids account for 88% of the total fatty acids and consist primarily of oleic (19.97%–22.2%), linoleic (59.35%–71.87%), and linolenic acids (3.54%–6.21%), similar to those in soybean oil (Shen et al., 2022). Essential fatty acids can be found in quinoa seeds, making them a viable alternative to oilseeds (Mohamed Ahmed et al., 2021).

Table 2 displays the composition of unsaturated fatty acids, which are the main fatty acids obtained from whole quinoa. Quinoa whole contains Myristic, Palmitic, Palmitoleic, Stearic, Oleic, Linoleic, γ-Linolenic, α-Linolenic, Arachidonic, and Eicosenoic acids (0.35,8.41,0.21,0.85,22.10,55.00,0.11,9.49,0.25,0.83, and 1.40) g/100 g, respectively. Linoleic acid was the main fatty acid detected, followed by oleic acid, α-Linolenic, and palmitic acid. Wu et al. (2020) observed that quinoa has the highest linoleic acid content. This distinctive fatty acid profile benefits human health by lowering cardiovascular disease risk factors (Farinazzi-Machado et al., 2012).

To determine the fatty acid composition of any oil, it's important to know the ratio of total saturated fatty acid to total unsaturated fatty acid, which is associated with the oil's oxidation stability, and the oleic/linoleic ratio, which has a positive effect on the oil's taste (Ranalli et al., 2001).

Based on the previous results, we recommend using quinoa seeds as a high-nutritional alternative and expanding their cultivation to compensate for the shortage of wheat.

Conflicts of Interest:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

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Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

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Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

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Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

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S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

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Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

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George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

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Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

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Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

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Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

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Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

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Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

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Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

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Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

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Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

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Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

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Dr Susan Weiner

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Lin-Show Chin

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

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Sonila Qirko

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

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Luiz Sellmann

I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.

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Zhao Jia

Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."

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Thomas Urban

I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Cristina Berriozabal

To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.

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Dr Tewodros Kassahun Tarekegn

"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".

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Dr Shweta Tiwari

I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.

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Dr Farooq Wandroo

Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.

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Dr Anyuta Ivanova

We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.

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Dr David Vinyes

My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.

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Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt

To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina

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Dr Elvira Farina

Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.

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Dr Oleg Golyanovski

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.

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Dr Susan Anne Smith

Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.

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Dr Farahnaz Fallahian

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.

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Dr Victor Olagundoye

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.

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Dr Susan Anne Smith

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD

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Dr Eric S Nussbaum

Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.

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Hala Al Shaikh

Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.

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Dr Rakhi Mishra

Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. The peer review process of the journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions was excellent and fast, as was the support of the editorial office and the quality of the journal. Kind regards Walter F. Riesen Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter F. Riesen.

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Dr Walter F Riesen

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. Thank you for publishing our article, Exploring Clozapine's Efficacy in Managing Aggression: A Multiple Single-Case Study in Forensic Psychiatry in the international journal of clinical case reports and reviews. We found the peer review process very professional and efficient. The comments were constructive, and the whole process was efficient. On behalf of the co-authors, I would like to thank you for publishing this article. With regards, Dr. Jelle R. Lettinga.

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Dr Jelle Lettinga