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Pharmacological, Nutritional, Medicinal and Industrial uses of Coffee: Benefits and Health Risks

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Review ariticle | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1897/258

Pharmacological, Nutritional, Medicinal and Industrial uses of Coffee: Benefits and Health Risks

  • Peter Mudiaga Etaware 1*
  • Rukevwe Destiny Jonathan 2
  • Oviemuno Wilfred Egara 3
  • Victor Segun Ekun 4

1Plant Science and Biotechnology unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Southern Delta University, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria

2Biology unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Southern Delta University, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria

3Directorate of General Studies, Southern Delta University, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria

4Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: Peter Mudiaga Etaware, Plant Science and Biotechnology unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Southern Delta University, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria.

Citation: Peter M. Etaware, Rukevwe D. Jonathan, Oviemuno W. Egara, Victor S. Ekun, (2025), Pharmacological, Nutritional, Medicinal and Industrial uses of Coffee: Benefits and Health Risks, J, Surgical Case Reports and Images, 8(5); DOI:10.31579/2690-1897/258

Copyright: © 2025, Peter Mudiaga Etaware. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 09 May 2025 | Accepted: 23 May 2025 | Published: 30 May 2025

Keywords: health risks; coffee; caffeine; neuroprotection; cardiovascular health

Abstract

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, valued not only for its stimulating effects but also for its pharmacological, nutritional, medicinal, and industrial applications. This review explores the chemical composition of coffee, its health benefits, industrial uses, and potential risks associated with excessive consumption. Coffee contains bioactive compounds such as caffeine, polyphenols, chlorogenic acids, and diterpenes, which contribute to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and metabolic effects. Epidemiological studies suggest that moderate coffee consumption is linked to a reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s), improved cardiovascular and metabolic health, and liver protection. Additionally, coffee has industrial applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and sustainable waste management, with spent coffee grounds being repurposed for biofuels and composting. Despite its numerous benefits, excessive coffee intake can lead to caffeine dependence, sleep disturbances, gastrointestinal issues, and increased cholesterol levels in certain individuals. Unfiltered coffee, in particular, contains diterpenes that may elevate low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, posing risks for cardiovascular health. Pregnant women and individuals with hypertension or acid reflux are advised to moderate their coffee intake. Future research should focus on personalized coffee consumption guidelines, further investigating long-term health impacts and optimizing the sustainability of coffee by-products. While coffee remains a functional beverage with significant health and industrial advantages, a balanced approach to consumption is necessary to maximize benefits while minimizing risks. This review underscores the importance of moderation, individual health considerations, and sustainable practices in the coffee industry.

1.Introduction

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages globally, with a rich cultural, economic, and medicinal significance. Originating from the coffee plant (Coffea spp.), particularly Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (commonly known as Robusta), coffee has been cultivated and consumed for centuries. Its popularity is largely attributed to its stimulating effects, primarily due to caffeine, a natural psychoactive compound that enhances alertness and cognitive function (Pérez-Hernández et al., 2022). Beyond its role as a daily stimulant, coffee contains a diverse range of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, chlorogenic acids, and diterpenes, which contribute to its pharmacological and health-related properties (Poole et al., 2017). The increasing scientific interest in coffee extends beyond its stimulating effects to its potential health benefits and risks (Fig 1). Studies suggest that moderate coffee consumption is associated with various health benefits, including neuroprotection, reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, and improved metabolic functions (Nieber, 2017). Additionally, coffee has been recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may play a role in preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes, liver disorders, and certain cancers (Grosso et al., 2017). Apart from its medicinal and nutritional value, coffee has significant industrial applications. The beverage industry has expanded coffee-based products, including instant coffee, functional beverages, and decaffeinated varieties. Furthermore, coffee by-products, such as spent coffee grounds, are being explored for sustainable applications in biofuel production, cosmetics, and agriculture (Janissen and Huynh, 2018). Despite these benefits, excessive coffee consumption has been linked to certain health concerns, including caffeine-dependency, sleep disturbances, increased heart rate, and gastrointestinal discomfort (Cornelis, 2019a).  Concerns have been raised regarding the potential adverse effects of coffee. Although, the bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and chlorogenic acids, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, their long-term effects and interactions with other dietary and lifestyle factors remain underexplored. Additionally, the utilization of coffee by-products in industrial applications, such as cosmetics, biofuels, and agriculture, presents an opportunity for sustainable resource management, yet research on optimizing these applications is still limited. Given these conflicting perspectives and knowledge gaps, there is a need for a comprehensive review that critically examines coffee’s pharmacological, nutritional, medicinal, and industrial applications while addressing both its benefits and potential health risks. Understanding the effects of coffee consumption on human health is essential for both consumers and healthcare professionals. While numerous studies highlight coffee’s potential benefits, such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, there is still considerable debate regarding its long-term impact, particularly in relation to cardiovascular health, sleep patterns, and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the industrial application, including its use in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and sustainable waste management, underscore its economic and environmental importance. Exploring these applications can contribute to advancements in health science, biotechnology, and sustainable industry practices. By conducting a comprehensive review of coffee’s diverse roles, this study will provide valuable insights into its health implications and industrial potential. This research will aid in guiding consumers, healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and industry stakeholders in making informed decisions regarding coffee consumption, regulation, and innovation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of coffee’s pharmacological, nutritional, medicinal, and industrial applications while critically evaluating its benefits and potential health concerns. By examining current scientific literature, this review highlights coffee’s diverse roles to provide a balanced perspective on coffee consumption and its implications for human health and industry as described in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1: The benefits and health risks associated with frequent coffee consumption

2.0 Review Framework

2.0.1 Review Focus

This study employed a qualitative research approach by conducting a systematic review of existing literature on the pharmacological, nutritional, medicinal, and industrial applications of coffee. The methodology consists of the following steps:

2.0.2 Study Design

A systematic literature review was used to gather, analyze, and synthesize published research findings related to coffee’s benefits and health concerns. This method was chosen to provide a comprehensive and balanced perspective on the topic by integrating multiple sources of evidence.

2.1 Data Collection

2.1.0 Selection of Data Sources

Relevant scientific studies, review articles, and meta-analyses were sourced from reputable databases, including:

  • PubMed (Biomedical and health sciences literature)
  • ScienceDirect (Pharmacological and industrial research)
  • Google Scholar (General academic articles)
  • Web of Science (Multidisciplinary peer-reviewed research)
  • Scopus (Comprehensive database for scientific literature)

2.1.2 Data Inclusion Criteria

The following criteria were used to select relevant literature:

  • Timeframe: Articles published within the last 10 years (2014–2024) to ensure up-to-date research.
  • Language: Only studies published in English were considered.
  • Relevance: Studies focusing on coffee’s bioactive compounds, pharmacological effects, health benefits, health risks, and industrial applications.
  • Study Type: Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and experimental research.

2.1.3 Data Exclusion Criteria

The following studies were excluded:

  • Non-peer-reviewed sources, opinion pieces, and editorial articles.
  • Studies with limited scientific rigor or small sample sizes lacking statistical significance.
  • Research focusing solely on coffee production and cultivation without discussing its health implications.

2.2 Data Analysis

2.2.1        Thematic Analysis

Collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which involved categorizing studies into the following key themes:

  • Chemical composition of coffee (bioactive compounds such as caffeine, polyphenols, chlorogenic acids, diterpenes).
  • Pharmacological effects (neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic, and anti-inflammatory properties).
  • Nutritional aspects (micronutrient content, antioxidant properties).
  • Medicinal applications (therapeutic benefits, disease prevention).
  • Industrial uses (pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biofuel, and sustainability applications).
  • Health concerns and risks (caffeine dependence, cardiovascular risks, gastrointestinal effects).

2.2.2        Comparative Analysis

  • Studies reporting positive health effects of coffee were compared with studies highlighting potential risks to identify gaps and contradictions in existing research.
  • Statistical data from meta-analyses and cohort studies were examined to determine patterns in coffee consumption and health outcomes.
  • Industrial applications were reviewed by assessing emerging trends in coffee waste management and sustainable development.

2.3 Ethical Considerations

As this study is based on a review of publicly available literature, no human or animal subjects were involved. All sources used were cited appropriately to maintain academic integrity and avoid plagiarism.

2.4 Limitations of this study

  • Potential publication bias in available studies, as positive effects of coffee may be more frequently reported than negative outcomes.
  • The review is limited to English-language publications, potentially excluding relevant studies in other languages.
  • Differences in study methodologies (e.g., variations in coffee consumption levels, participant demographics) may influence findings

3.0 Varieties of coffee existing worldwide

The taxonomy of coffee can be complex due to the presence of numerous species, cultivars, and hybrids, but the main species of interest are:

  • Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee): This species accounts for approximately 60-70% of the world’s coffee production. Arabica coffee is known for its higher quality and smoother taste, with a range of flavor profiles that can vary greatly depending on the growing conditions.
  • Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee): Robusta coffee is typically considered to be of lower quality, producing a more rancorous, stronger cup with higher caffeine content than Arabica. It is used more in espresso blends and instant coffee, and it is known for its resilience to pests and diseases, particularly Hemileia vastatrix (coffee leaf rust).
  • Other species: Less common species, such as Coffea liberica and Coffea excelsa, are also cultivated in certain regions but have less economic importance than Arabica and Robusta. These species offer distinctive flavor profiles and are grown primarily in specific areas of the world.

3.1 Proximate, Phytochemical and Mineral contents of Coffee

Coffee provides minimal macronutrients but is a significant source of bioactive micronutrients. It contains small amounts of vitamins such as niacin (B3) and minerals including potassium and magnesium, which play essential roles in metabolic and cardiovascular health (Pérez-Hernández et al., 2022). Additionally, the antioxidant capacity of coffee, primarily attributed to its polyphenols, contributes to its health-promoting properties by reducing oxidative damage at the cellular level (Poole et al., 2017). The beans also contain several components that contribute to both its flavor and its health effects. Here’s a deeper look into the proximate, phytochemical, and mineral composition of coffee:

3.1.0        ProximateComposition

  • Water: Raw coffee beans contain around 10-12% water content, which affects the roasting process and flavor development.
  • Proteins: Coffee beans contain about 10-15% protein, which contributes to the Maillard reaction during roasting, creating complex flavors and aromas.
  • Lipids: Coffee beans contain about 10-15% lipids, which include triglycerides and diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol). These lipids are largely responsible for the viscosity and mouthfeel of the coffee, as well as the flavor profile.
  • Carbohydrates: Coffee beans also contain carbohydrates, primarily in the form of cellulose and other polysaccharides. These carbohydrates contribute to the formation of sugars and caramelization during roasting.

 3.1.1       Phytochemicals Components

  • Caffeine: Caffeine is the most well-known phytochemical in coffee, contributing to its stimulating effects. It also has several potential health benefits, including improving cognitive function and enhancing physical performance. The caffeine content of coffee varies but typically ranges from 70 to 140 mg per 8 oz cup, depending on the coffee variety and brewing method.
  • Chlorogenic Acids (CGAs): Chlorogenic acids are the most abundant antioxidants in coffee, making up about 8-12% of the dry weight of the coffee bean. These polyphenolic compounds have been studied for their potential anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic properties (Ribeiro et al., 2018).
  • Diterpenes: Cafestol and kahweol, the diterpenes in coffee, are linked to both positive and negative health outcomes. They have antioxidant properties but may also raise cholesterol levels if consumed in high amounts, especially when coffee is prepared using methods like French press or espresso.

 3.1.2       Mineral Composition

Coffee is a source of several essential minerals, including potassium, magnesium, and calcium (Bermudez et al., 2020). 

  • Potassium: Potassium plays a role in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure, making coffee a good source of this vital nutrient.
  • Magnesium, important for muscle and nerve function, is also found in significant quantities in coffee beans (Bermudez et al., 2020).

3.1.3        Chemical Composition and Bioactive Compounds in Coffee

  • Coffee is rich in bioactive compounds that contribute to its physiological effects. The most well-known of these is caffeine, a natural stimulant that influences the central nervous system (Pérez-Hernández et al., 2022). Caffeine acts by blocking adenosine receptors, thereby reducing fatigue and enhancing cognitive function (Cornelis, 2019b).
  • Apart from caffeine, coffee contains polyphenols, including chlorogenic acids, which exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (Poole et al., 2017). These compounds contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress, which is associated with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer (Grosso et al., 2017). Additionally, diterpenes such as cafestol and kahweol, found in unfiltered coffee, have been studied for their potential hepatoprotective effects and anti-carcinogenic properties (Nieber, 2017). However, they may also influence cholesterol levels when consumed in excess (Poole et al., 2017).

4.0 The benefits and risks of frequent coffee consumption

This section presents and discusses the key findings from the reviewed literature on the pharmacological, nutritional, medicinal, and industrial applications of coffee. It highlights coffee’s health benefits, industrial uses, and associated risks, providing a balanced perspective based on existing scientific evidence. Coffee is one of the most widely studied beverages due to its complex chemical composition and its significant effects on human health. Research has explored coffee’s pharmacological, nutritional, medicinal, and industrial applications, as well as its potential health benefits and risks. This section provides an in-depth review of existing literature on coffee’s bioactive compounds, physiological effects, and commercial significance.

4.1 Medicinal benefits of coffee

The reviewed studies confirm that coffee is a complex beverage containing numerous bioactive compounds, including caffeine, polyphenols (chlorogenic acids), diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol), and essential micronutrients (Pérez-Hernández et al., 2022). These compounds contribute to coffee’s physiological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties (Grosso et al., 2017).

  • Caffeine: The primary stimulant in coffee, caffeine blocks adenosine receptors, reducing fatigue and improving cognitive function (Cornelis, 2019a).
  • Chlorogenic Acids: These polyphenols exhibit antioxidant activity, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation (Poole et al., 2017). It also improves insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes (Grosso et al., 2017).
  • Coffee is linked to a reduced risk of stroke and coronary artery disease in moderate consumers (Poole et al., 2017).
  • Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health: The relationship between coffee and cardiovascular health remains complex. While moderate coffee intake has been linked to reduced risks of stroke and coronary artery disease, excessive consumption may lead to transient increases in blood pressure, particularly in caffeine-sensitive individuals (Poole et al., 2017). Research also indicates that coffee may improve insulin sensitivity and lower the risk of type 2 diabetes due to its chlorogenic acid content (Grosso et al., 2017).
  • Anti-Inflammatory and Liver Health Benefits: Several studies highlight coffee’s anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to its potential role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Coffee consumption has been associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (Nieber, 2017). Additionally, coffee appears to have a protective effect on liver health, reducing the risk of conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (Grosso et al., 2017).
    1. Pharmacological, Industrial and Commercial Applications of Coffee
  • Diterpenes: Found in unfiltered coffee, cafestol and kahweol have hepatoprotective properties but may raise cholesterol levels (Nieber, 2017).
  • Neurological and Cognitive Effects: Numerous studies support coffee’s role in cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection. Caffeine improves alertness, retentive memory, and reaction times, while long-term coffee consumption has been linked to a reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease by modulating neurotransmitter activity and reducing oxidative stress (Pérez-Hernández et al., 2022). Furthermore, habitual coffee consumption has been associated with improved memory, focus, and mood regulation (Cornelis, 2019a).
  • A meta-analysis by Cornelis (2019a) found that moderate coffee intake (3–5 cups/day) was associated with a 25% reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
  • Parkinson’s disease risk was shown to decrease with regular caffeine consumption, likely due to its effect on dopamine regulation (Grosso et al., 2017).
  • Liver Protection: Coffee consumption has been linked to a lower risk of liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (Grosso et al., 2017). A study by Poole et al. (2017) found that consuming 2–3 cups per day was associated with a 40% reduced risk of liver cirrhosis.

The industrial applications of coffee highlight its economic and environmental importance. Future research should focus on optimizing the sustainability of coffee by-products to reduce waste and enhance their commercial value. Beyond its traditional use as a beverage, coffee is increasingly utilized in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Some important industrial usage of coffee includes:

  • Pharmaceuticals: Caffeine is widely used in pain relief medications and stimulants (Janissen and Huynh, 2018).
  • Caffeine is commonly used in medications for migraine relief and in skincare products for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects (Janissen and Huynh, 2018). 
  • Cosmetics: Coffee extracts are also incorporated into anti-aging creams, shampoos, and exfoliants due to their potential skin-protective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Coffee plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, contributing to products such as pain relievers, skincare, and energy supplements.
  • Coffee by-products, including spent coffee grounds and husks, have emerging applications in biofuel production, composting, and sustainable materials.

4.3 Health risks associated with frequent consumption of coffee

The chemical profile of coffee suggests both beneficial and potentially harmful effects, depending on consumption levels and individual health conditions. While caffeine and polyphenols contribute to neuroprotection and metabolic benefits, diterpenes in certain coffee preparations may pose risks for individuals with high cholesterol levels (Poole et al., 2017). These findings suggest that coffee consumption could be a protective factor against age-related cognitive decline. However, individual sensitivity to caffeine varies, and excessive intake may lead to anxiety, restlessness, and sleep disturbances (Nieber, 2017). Some notable health risks associated with frequent intake of coffee include:

  • Caffeine Dependence and Sleep Disruptions: One of the primary concerns regarding coffee consumption is caffeine dependence. Regular intake of high doses of caffeine can lead to withdrawal symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, and irritability (Cornelis, 2019a). Moreover, excessive caffeine consumption, particularly in the late afternoon or evening, has been associated with sleep disturbances, including insomnia and reduced sleep quality (Nieber, 2017). Excessive caffeine consumption can lead to dependence, withdrawal symptoms (Cornelis, 2019b). Sensitivity to caffeine varies, with some individuals experiencing restlessness, anxiety, and disrupted sleep cycles (Nieber, 2017).
  • Gastrointestinal and Cardiovascular Risks: Coffee’s acidity may exacerbate acid reflux and gastritis in some individuals (Poole et al., 2017). Unfiltered coffee has been associated with increased cholesterol levels, necessitating caution for individuals with cardiovascular risks (Grosso et al., 2017). Some individuals experience gastrointestinal discomfort due to the acidic nature of coffee, which may exacerbate conditions like acid reflux and gastritis. Additionally, while moderate coffee consumption appears to have cardiovascular benefits, excessive intake has been linked to temporary increases in heart rate and blood pressure, particularly in individuals with hypertension (Poole et al., 2017).
  • Pregnancy and Fertility Considerations: High caffeine intake during pregnancy has been linked to low birth weight and increased miscarriage risk (Grosso et al., 2017). Health organizations recommend limiting caffeine intake to ≤200 mg/day during pregnancy (Cornelis, 2019a).
  • Bioaccumulation of Caffeine: High level of caffeine may cause temporary increases in blood pressure, particularly in non-habitual drinkers (Cornelis, 2019a).
  • Unfiltered coffee (e.g., French press, espresso) contains diterpenes that may increase cholesterol levels, posing a risk for individuals with cardiovascular conditions (Nieber, 2017).

These findings suggest that coffee can play a role in liver disease prevention and inflammation control. However, excessive intake may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort and other metabolic disturbances (Cornelis, 2019b).

4.4 Coffee Waste Management and Sustainability

The coffee industry generates large amounts of by-products, including coffee pulp, husks, and spent coffee grounds. The valorization of coffee waste aligns with global sustainability efforts and the circular economy model (Janissen and Huynh, 2018). Research is focusing on repurposing these waste materials for sustainable applications. 

  • The coffee industry generates large amounts of waste, but emerging research suggests sustainable applications for coffee by-products.
  • Spent Coffee Grounds: Used for biofuels, compost, production of natural dyes and biodegradable materials (Janissen and Huynh, 2018).
  • Coffee Husks and Pulp: Repurposed for animal feed and organic fertilizers.

Recommendations

  • The existing literature provides substantial evidence regarding coffee’s pharmacological, nutritional, medicinal, and industrial significance. While moderate coffee consumption is generally considered beneficial, excessive intake poses potential health risks. Additionally, emerging research on coffee by-products highlights promising industrial applications, though further studies are needed to optimize their sustainability and commercial viability.
  • Future research should focus on long-term clinical studies to better understand coffee’s health effects across different populations. Additionally, further exploration of coffee’s bioactive compounds and their potential pharmaceutical applications could enhance its role in preventive medicine.
  • More studies are needed to establish personalized coffee consumption guidelines based on genetic, metabolic, and lifestyle factors.
  • Long-term research should further investigate coffee’s role in chronic disease prevention and cardiovascular health.
  • Sustainable innovations in coffee waste management and eco-friendly applications should be explored to enhance the environmental impact of the coffee industry.
  • Explore long-term health effects of coffee in diverse populations.
  • Investigate optimal coffee consumption levels for health benefits.
  • Develop sustainable methods for coffee by-product utilization

Conclusion

When consumed in moderation, coffee is a functional beverage with significant health-promoting properties. However, its effects vary based on individual health status, preparation methods, and consumption levels. By promoting responsible coffee consumption and sustainable industry practices, the potential benefits of coffee can be maximized while mitigating associated risks. Moderate coffee consumption appears beneficial for cardiovascular and metabolic health, but individuals with hypertension or high cholesterol may need to limit unfiltered coffee intake (Poole et al., 2017). Further research is needed to clarify the long-term cardiovascular effects of different coffee preparations. While coffee is generally safe for most individuals, excessive intake can lead to health risks. Personalized recommendations based on individual tolerance and medical conditions are essential. Coffee is a globally consumed beverage with diverse pharmacological, nutritional, medicinal, and industrial applications. The findings from this review highlight both its health benefits and potential risks, emphasizing the need for a balanced and personalized approach to consumption.

References

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Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.

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Raed Mualem

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.

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Andreas Filippaios

Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

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Dr Suramya Dhamija

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

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Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

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Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

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Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

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Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

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Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

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Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

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Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

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S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

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Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

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George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

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Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

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Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

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Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

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Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

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Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

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Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

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Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

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Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

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Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

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Dr Susan Weiner

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Lin-Show Chin

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

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Sonila Qirko

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

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Luiz Sellmann

I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.

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Zhao Jia

Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."

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Thomas Urban

I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Cristina Berriozabal

To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.

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Dr Tewodros Kassahun Tarekegn

"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".

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Dr Shweta Tiwari

I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.

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Dr Farooq Wandroo

Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.

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Dr Anyuta Ivanova

We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.

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Dr David Vinyes

My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.

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Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt

To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina

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Dr Elvira Farina

Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.

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Dr Oleg Golyanovski

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.

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Dr Susan Anne Smith

Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.

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Dr Farahnaz Fallahian

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.

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Dr Victor Olagundoye

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.

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Dr Susan Anne Smith

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD

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Dr Eric S Nussbaum

Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.

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Hala Al Shaikh

Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.

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Dr Rakhi Mishra